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  Formal Method Model

Introduction to Formal Method Model

Formal methods model consists of a set of activities that establishes the formal mathematical specification of computer software. In this model initial a mathematical specification is constructed, which can be written in either languages VDM or languages Z. The specification is then transformed stage by stage into the working software. That why it is also called as the transformation mode. So the main aim of this model is to convert the formal mathematical specification of a system specification to an executable program. This model is concerned to the theoretical work on formal specification. This basic formal system development is shown in fig.2.16.

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In the fig2.16 the partial development process which includes phases of design coding and unit testing are replaced by one of the transformational development process phase i.e. formal transformation. And one more phase formal specification. The included.

In the transformational development process. The formal specification is refined through a series of transformational into a program as shown fig 2.17.

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T1, T2, T3, T4, Transformational steps

P1, P2, P3, P4, Process steps to transform the formal specification

R1, R2, R3,   Refinements

 The transformation process consist of following steps

1. Informal requirements are analyzed and functions are specified formally.

2. In next step, the development process takes this formal specification and transforms it into a more detailed, less abstract formal description.

3. This description becomes executable by some abstract processor.

4. If executability in the transformation process is achieved  soon,  then the executable description  may be viewed as an evolutionary prototypes that is obtained as a by product  of the transformation process.

An ideal transformation based process model is life fig 2.18.

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There are two main steps in this ideal model: requirement analysis. And optimization requirement analysis step provides formal requirements which are fed into the optimization step that provide the optimized result. This transformation process is controlled by a software engineer and may use the reusable components. Before being transferred, formal specifications are verified against the use expectations.

As shown in fig 2.18, the transformation life cycle is supported by a suitable computer aided software development environment. Thus environment provides tools for verifying requirements handling reusable components, performing optimizations and storing the history of development of the software. The last is an important feature for supporting future requests for changes and redevelopment will start from the appropriate point in the history of the previous development.

Advantage

The errors can be discovered and corrected.

Mathematical proofs use only numerical concepts.

Disadvantages

It is very time consuming.

Program proofs are very ling and impractical for large projects.

Training courses. Manuals, some material etc. Are required for inexperienced persons.

One approach in favour of this model is the clean room process.  Clean room process was originally developed by IBM. It basic idea is that it is based on the incremental development of the software. It correctness is demonstrates using a clean room approach. This approach is based on the B method have been applied successfully. It  concept depends on the following  application of statistical quality control technique  a structured architecture, a specification language based on a mathematical approach to  specifying function s requirements, elimination  of unit testing.

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