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  Decomposition and Modularity

Introduction to Decomposition and Modularity

To design  system is to determine a   set of components and inter component interface that satisfy a specified set of requirements. Basically there  are many  methods to create good designs, however very design method involves some kind of decomposition  starting with  a high  level depiction of the  system  key  elements and creating lower  level looks at how  the system feature and functions will fit  together.

Wasserman has suggested that designs can be created in five ways:

1. Modular Decomposition: This construction is based on assigning  functions to components. Here  the designer begins with a high level description of the function that  are to be implemented and builds lower level explanations of  how each  components will be  organized and related  to other components.

2. Data oriented  Decomposition: This design is based on external data  structures.  The  high level descriptions depict general data structures and  lower level  descriptions provide  detail on what  data elements  will be involved and how  they are  related. 

3. Event oriented Decomposition: This design is based on events that the system must handle and uses information  about  how event changes the system state. The high level  description  catalogs  the various  states and lower level description  describe how state  transformation  take place.

4. Outside in Design: This  approach his based on use inputs to the system. The high level description lists all possible inputs a user can make  and lower level descriptions address, what  is done  with  input and what  outputs are produced .

5. Object oriented Design: This design  identifies classes of objects and their interrelationships . at  the  highest level each object type is described. At lower levels , the  object attributes and actions are discussed and the design explains how  objects are related to one another.

These levels are shown in fig  5.3,

1432_Decomposition and Modularity Homework Help 1.jpg

No matter which  the design  approach  is used each kind  of decomposition separates the design into composite parts, called modules or components. So a module is defined as :

A complex system  may be divided into simpler pieces called  modules.

There are many definitions of the term module. they  range  from a module is a  FORTRAN subroutine to a module is an ada package  to a module is a work assignment for an individual programmer. A system that is composed of modules is called modular. So in  a modular system, each  activity  of the  system is performed by exactly one  component and inputs and outputs of each  components are well defined.

Now modularity can be stated as  modularity is the  single  attribute of software that  allows a program to be intellectually manageable.  The main benefit  of modularity is  that it allows the principle of separation of  concerns to be applied in two  phases: when  dealing with  the details of each module in isolation ( while ignoring details of other  modules) and when  dealing with the overall  characteristics of all  modules and their  relationships  in order to  integrate them to make it as whole system. The  system which follow  the concept of  modularity are called as the modular systems. Modular system  consist of well defined , manageable in its with well  defined interfaces among  the units. Desirable properties of a modular system  include:

1. Each  processing abstraction is a well  defied system  that is potentially useful in other applications.

2. Each function in each  abstraction has a single  well define purpose.

3. Each function manipulates not more than one  major data structure.

4. Functions  share global data  selectively it is  easy  to identify all  routines that share a  major data  structure .

5. Function that  manipulate instances of abstract data types are encapsulated with the  data  structure being  manipulated.

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