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  Binding Scope and Extent

Introduction to Binding Scope and Extent

As such most of the  programming  language provide  the concepts of binding scope  and extent in much extent. These three are discussed below:

(a) Binding: Binding  is a central  concepts  in the  definition of programming  language  semantics. Programming languages differ:

In the  number  of entities, like variables  routines and statements and,

In the number of attributes to bound  to entities.

For  example a variable  has a name a type a storage area where it value is stored: a routine  has a name formal  parameters of a certain type, certain parameter passing  conventions a statement  has associated actions. The value of attributes of all these  must  be set before they can be used. Setting  the value of an attribute is  known  as binding. For  each entity attribute information is continued in a  repository called a descriptor . so two  aspects related to binding  are given  below as :

The time at such bindings occur is the binding time and

The stability of the binding is required.

(b) Scope :We  discussed earlier the scope in terms of variable name  here  we will  discuss the scope in the generalised form. Scope is basically the range of program  instructions over which the variable name is known. It refers to the way in which  named entities such as variables labels ,types and procedures are controlled in their ability to have an effect in a program. To  be more specific the scope  of a name is that part  of the program text where all uses of the name are the same.

Why  do we  incorporate the idea of scope into programming languages at all ? the  simplest notion of scope would be that a given identifier X always denotes the  same  variable and all names of variable are known in all program units. Though the sharing of variables between program units is clearly desirable so too is the ability to name objects such as variables and have them known only within a restricted range of program text. This frees a programmer form remembering all of the previous  names which have been  used and permits several programmers to contribute  pieces of the  final program. 

Example 36. ALGOL 60 introduced the idea  of scope  in a very  elegant way by typing to the notion of a compound statement. It  is exceedingly useful to be able  to treat a group of statements as a single  statement.

(c) Extent: Extent is the time during execution that the storage used to hold a value is bound to its name. Scope and extent have been recognized as essential issues of programming languages.

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