X-Rays and Crystal Structure

X-Rays and Crystal Structure:

X-rays are electromagnetic waves of very small wavelength. The wave nature of X-rays is not verified by diffraction experiment, since a grating of around 40 million ruling per cm is needed for diffraction experiment. The preparation of such a grating is very impossible. At similar, crystallographers believed that atoms in crystals are frequently arranged with an interatomic distance of around 10-8 cm. The wavelength of X-rays is, as well, in the order of 10-8cm. Based on this, Laue recommended that crystal can be utilized as a 3-dimensional diffraction grating for X-rays. This proposal is carried out successfully by Laue in his experiment employing zinc sulphide crystal. The photograph obtained is termed as Laue diffraction pattern.

The Laue experiment verified the wave nature of X-rays and also established the fact that ions or atoms in crystals are arranged in regular 3-dimensional lattice. However Laue diffraction pattern provides more information about the symmetry of crystals, the interpretation of the pattern seems to be hard.

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