Types of Ionic Crystals

Types of Ionic Crystals:

The structure of ionic crystals is found out by the ratio of the numbers, the ratio of the sizes and the structural units. In common, ionic crystals are categorized into AB and AB2 type.

Substance of the general formula AB generally crystallizes in one of the six forms shown below:


                                    AB     AB    AB   AB    AB    AB
Lattice type:               CsCl   NaCl   FeS   ZnO   ZnS   BN
Coordination number:    8         6      6       4        4        3

Let’s discuss the structure of CsCl for AB type. It is body centered cubic system. The chloride ions are at corners of a cube while Cs+ ion is at the centre of the cube or vice versa. Each Cs+ ion is joined with eight Cl- ion and Cl- is joined with eight Cs+ ions.

1574_ionic crystal.jpg

Number of chloride ions per unit = Nc/8 = 8/8 = 1
Number of cesium ion per unit = Nb/1 = 1/1 = 1

Therefore, the number of CsCl units per unit cell is one.

Compounds having the common formula AB2 usually crystallize in forms based on the eight typical lattices such as CO2, SiO2, TiO2, CaF2, Cu2O, FeS2, CdI2 and MoS2. For illustration Rutile (TiO2) has the structure shown below:

992_ionic crystal2.jpg

 

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