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  Type of Nuclear Reaction

Type of Nuclear Reaction:

1. Spallation reaction:

The reactions in which high speed projectiles might chip a heavy nucleus into numerous fragments.

29Cu63 + 2He4 + 400 MeV → 17Cl37 + 14 1H1 + 16 0n1

2. Nuclear fission reaction:

Nuclear fission is the procedure in which a heavy nucleus breaks up into two lighter nuclei of almost equivalent size with the discharge of an enormous quantity of energy. This kind of nuclear fission reaction was first noticed by German Chemists Otto Hahn, F.Strassman and Meitner by bombarding 92U235 with slow moving neutrons. The procedure is generally accompanied by the emission of neutrons. The nuclear fission has been generated in heavy nuclei like 235U, 238U, 232Th by the neutrons, protons & deuterons.

3) Nuclear Fusion:

Whenever lighter nuclei moving at a high speed are fused altogether to form a heavy nucleus, the procedure is termed as nuclear fusion.

In fusion reaction, the mass of heavier nucleus created is less than the net mass of two lighter nuclei. Therefore, just like a fission reaction, the source of energy in a fusion reaction is also the disappearance of mass that gets transformed into energy.

Nuclear fusion reaction occurs at very high temperature of around 108K. Hence, this reaction is termed as thermonuclear reaction.

1H2 +  1H3 →  2He4 + 0n1 + Energy
Deuterium Tritium      Helium

The Mass loss is equivalent to 0.018 amu and the corresponding energy discharged is 1.79 × 109 KJmol-1.

 

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