Introduction to State of matter
States of matter are the different forms which distinct phases of matter take on. There are three states of Matter that are: solid, liquid and gas. States which are Other than these states are possible in scientific work and one more important state of matter is plasma. Many other states further than these are possible but do not usually take place in our environment: Bose-Einstein condensates, neutron stars. Other states, like quark-gluon plasmas are may be possible. So Much of the baryonic matter of the universe is in the type of hot plasma both as rarefied interstellar medium and as dense stars.
Solid is the state in which matter preserve a fixed shape and volume, and The Liquid is the state in which its volume changes only a little, but adjust according to the shape of the container. Gas is the state in which matter expands to occupy the shape and volume of the container.
Solid
In the solid state of matter the particles are packed closely together. Forces among the particles are sufficiently strong due to this; the particles can only vibrate but cannot move freely. As a result, a solid has a stable and definite shape and a definite volume. Solids can change their shape by force, as when they broken or cut.
Liquid
A liquid is an almost incompressible fluid which conform the shape of its container but keep a constant volume independent of pressure. The volume is fixed if the pressure and temperature are constant. When solid is heated greater than its melting point then it becomes liquid given that the pressure is greater than the triple point of the substance. Intermolecular or interatomic or interionic forces are still important but the molecules have sufficient energy to move relative to each other and the structure is mobile. The meaning of this is that the shape of a liquid is not fixed but is determined by its container. The volume is generally greater than that of the corresponding solid, the most familiar exception being water, H2O. The highest temperature at which given liquid can exist is its critical temperature.
Gas
A gas is a compressible fluid. A gas will not only conform the shape of its container but it will also expand to fill the space in the container.
The molecules have enough kinetic energy in a gas, so that the effect of intermolecular forces is small or zero for an ideal gas and the typical distance between neighboring molecules is much greater than the molecular size. A gas has no fixed shape or volume but occupies the whole container in which it is confined. A liquid may be converted to gas by heating at constant pressure to the boiling point or else by reducing the pressure at constant temperature.
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