Contact Process

Contact Process:

This process includes the equilibrium reaction of oxidation of SO2 gas by gaseous oxygen in air to manufacture large amounts of SO3 gas.

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The formation reaction of SO3 includes a reduction in the overall moles of the reactants. By Le Chatlier’s principle, whenever large pressure is applied, forward reaction is favored. 700 atm - 1200 atm pressure is sustained on the 2:1 mole ratio mixture of pure SO2 and O2 gases in the reaction chamber. SO3 generation is an exothermic reaction. Therefore, increase in temperature favors SO3 dissociation. Though, lowering of temperature prolongs the time of attainment of equilibrium. Hence, an optimum temperature at close to 400°C to 450°C is maintained to favor the equilibrium.

The most broadly used catalyst for SO3 production is porous vanadium pentoxide (V2O5). Existence of moisture deactivates the catalyst. Only dry and pure SO2 and O2 gases are utilized over the catalyst. As oxidation of SO2 is a slow procedure, presence of V2O5 speeds up the equilibrium procedure and high outcome of SO3 is attained in a short period. SO3 is the anhydride of H2SO4. Hence, SO3 from contact process all along with steam is employed in oleum and H2SO4 manufacturing procedures in contact procedure; the yield of SO3 is almost 97%.

 

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