Introduction of Colloid
A Colloid is substance microscopically dispersed equally during another substance.
A colloidal system contains two phases: a dispersed phase that can be known as internal phase and a continuous phase or dispersion medium in which the colloid is dispersed. A colloidal system may be one of the three states of matter i.e. the solid, liquid or gas.
The particles of dispersed-phase have a diameter of between just about 1 and 1000 nanometres. This kind of particles are usually invisible in an optical microscope, however the presence of those particles can confirmed with the use of an electron microscope or an ultra microscope. Homogeneous mixtures with the dispersed phase in this size range may be called colloidal emulsions, colloidal dispersions, hydrosols, colloidal foams, or colloidal aerosols. The dispersed-phase particles or droplets are influenced largely by the surface chemistry present in the colloid.
Due to the Tyndall effect some colloids are translucent, which is scattering of light by particles in the colloid. Other colloids may have a slight color or opaque.
Colloidal solutions also known as colloidal suspensions are the subject of colloid science and interface. This branch of study was get into existence in the year 1861 by Scottish scientist Thomas Graham.
Classification
Colloids can be classified as follows:
Medium / Phases
Dispersed phase
Gas
Liquid
Solid
Continuous medium
NONE (All gases are mutually miscible)
Liquid aerosol Examples: fog, mist,
hair sprays
Solid aerosol Examples: smoke, cloud,
air particulates
Foam Example: whipped cream,
Shaving cream
Emulsion Examples: milk, mayonnaise,
hand cream
Sol Examples: pigmented ink, blood
Solid foam Examples: aerogel, styrofoam,
pumice
Gel Examples: agar, gelatin,
jelly
Solid sol Example: cranberry glass
Hydrocolloids
A hydrocolloid is described like a colloid system in which the colloid particles are hydrophilic polymers dispersed in water. Hydrocolloid has colloid particles that are spread throughout water and depending on the quantity of water available that can take place in various different states, example, sol (liquid) or gel. Hydrocolloids can be either reversible or irreversible (single-state). For instance, agar, a reversible hydrocolloid of seaweed extract, can be exists in a sol and gel state and alternate between states with the addition or elimination of heat.
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