Phases of Operation Research
OR study commonly includes the following main phases
1. Defining the problem and collecting data
2. Creating a mathematical model
3. Obtaining solutions from the model
4. Checking the model and its solutions
5. Preparing to execute the model
6. Final Execution or Implementation
This phase is to recreate the problem in mathematical symbols and expressions. The mathematical model of any business problem is described as the organization of equations and other related mathematical expressions. So
1. Decision variables (x1, x2 ... xn) - 'n' refers to associated quantifiable decisions to be made.
The alternatives available for the decision problem is in the form of unknown variables
Example - Assume a company manufacturing chairs and tables with the purpose of getting optimum profit, then the decision variables are count of chairs and tables to be manufactured (say mathematically x and y). Decision variables are utilized to make the objective function and restrictions in mathematical functions.
The end product of OR model is a mathematical form associating the objective function, constraints with variables. The mathematical function is to optimize (maximize/ minimize) the magnitude of the objective function, at the same time fulfilling all the facility constraints.
The consequent solution in the form of magnitude of decision variables value of objective function is called as "optimum feasible solution".
A mathematical model of OR is arranged as
Maximize or Minimize (Objective Function)
Subject to (Constraints)
Example
Maximize Z = 45x + 80y
Subject to
5x+ 20y ≤ 400
10x + 15y ≤ 450
x ≥ 0 , y ≥ 0
Here x, y are decision variables say
y = number of tables
x = number of chairs
x, y should always be nonnegative values
z= objective function
Linear Programming (LP)
It is a mathematical method which optimizes the accessible resources.
Optimization
The solution of the model gives the values of the decision variables that maximize or minimize the value of the objective function and also satisfying all the constraints of that particular system. Hence optimization can be maximization or minimization.
The advanntages of using mathematical models are -
This phase is to create a process for deriving solutions to the problem. A general theme is to strive for an optimal or best solution. The main aim of OR team is to obtain an optimal solution which minimizes the cost and time and maximizes the gains.
According to Herbert Simon "Satisficing is more widespread than optimizing in actual practice". Where satisficing = satisfactory + optimizing
According to Samuel Eilon "Optimizing is the science of the ultimate; Satisficing is the art of the feasible".
To find the solution, the OR team uses
4. Checking the model
After deriving the solution, it is tested and analyzed as a whole for errors if any. The process of testing and enhancing a model is to augment its validity and is generally referred as Model validation. The OR group doing this review should preferably contain at least one individual who did not contribute or participate in the formulation of model to check mistakes.
Retrospective test is a systematic approach to test the model. This test uses chronological data to reconstruct the past and then devise the model and the consequent solution. Comparing the effectiveness of this assumed performance with what actually happened signifies whether the model tends to give a noteworthy improvement over current practice.
After the ending of testing phase, the next step is to implement a well-documented system for practically implementing the model. This system will comprise the model, solution procedure and operating measures for implementation.
The system generally is computer-based. Management Information System and Databases can give up-to-date input for the model. An interactive computer based system which is called as Decision Support System is installed to assist the manager to use models and data to support their decision making as per requirement. A managerial report infers output of the model and its implications for applications.
The end phase of an OR study is to implement the system as agreed by the management. The completion of this phase depends on the assistance of both top management and operating management.
The implementation phase include various steps
Need Operation Research Assignment Help - Homework Help?
Do you have pending homework in Operations Research or troubled with incomplete assignments?
TutorsGlobe offers email based service in operation research homework help, operation research homework help and answering questions with best qualified and experienced subject tutor's assistance. Mostly students are not finding core concept and good materials for operation research subject and topics, We at TutorsGlobe prepare world class study materials and provide you freely on web. Our tutors are working for students giving those benefits of higher education teaching experience. Get solved problem just in time by professionals and compare yourself, you will get easy to solve same kind of problems in future.
Why TutorsGlobe for Operation Research Assignment Help
theory and lecture notes of construction and mechanism of operation all along with the key concepts of construction of bjt, operation of n-p-n bjt, current components, minority carrier profile and notation to an n-p-n bjt. tutorsglobe offers homework help, assignment help and tutor’s assistance on construction and mechanism of operation.
tutorsglobe.com significance of natural vegetative propagation assignment help-homework help by online natural methods of vegetative propagation tutors
Reproduction in fungi tutorial all along with the key concepts of Asexual Reproduction in Fungi, kinds of asexual spores in fungi, Sexual reproduction in Fungi, Forms of asexual spores, Sexual spores
kirchhoffs voltage and current law tutorial all along with the key concepts of electric field and electric potential, kirchhoff's current law, maximum power transfer theorem and miller theorem
Waste Management tutorial all along with the key concepts of Waste disposal, Waste management resources, Methods for dumping off waste, Incineration, Methods for recycling, Biological reprocessing, Recovery of Energy
tutorsglobe.com purification of lead assignment help-homework help by online lead tutors
Hire our professional Environmental Engineering Assignment Help tutors to obtain perfect solutions, and save time, effort, and grades!
motion in a straight line tutorial all along with the key concepts of types of motion, relative motion, parameters employed in explaining motion, displacement-time graph and velocity-time graph
www.tutorsglobe.com offers Idle Facilities homework help, assignment help, case study, writing homework help, online tutoring assistance by accounting tutors.
tutorsglobe.com budget constraint assignment help-homework help by online demand and supply tutors
Programming in C-assignment help, homework help and key concepts of Programming in C, Variables, Types, Type Declarations, Constants, getchar, putchar, printf, While Statement, Null Statement, Else Clause and Conditional Expressions
tutorsglobe.com change of electron affinity along a period assignment help-homework help by online electron affinity tutors
theory and lecture notes of concepts of macroeconomics all along with the key concepts of concepts of macroeconomics, importance of macroeconomics and task of macroeconomists. tutorsglobe offers homework help, assignment help and tutor’s assistance on concepts of macroeconomics.
Theory and lecture notes of Systems of Linear Equations in Two Variables all along with the key concepts of Addition or Elimination, Graphical Interpretation of Solutions, nice problems, Regression Model and Linear Regression. Tutorsglobe offers homework help, assignment help and tutor’s assistance on Systems of Linear Equations in Two Variables.
molecular theory of matter tutorial all along with the key concepts of structure of matter, description of brownian motion, atomic structure, molecules, states of matter, kinetic molecular theory of matter, assumptions of kinetic theory of gases, properties of fluids at rest
1945023
Questions Asked
3689
Tutors
1480058
Questions Answered
Start Excelling in your courses, Ask an Expert and get answers for your homework and assignments!!