Quality Choice:
In the example with used cars, it was assumed that car producers did not deliberately produced cars with varying qualities; more and less random factors in the production process was assumed to produce a proportion, q, of cars of high quality, and 1−q, of low quality. However, producers may in general be tempted to produce widgets of low or high quality, if it is less costly to produce a low quality widget. First we will assume that the cost of production is the same though, and we’ll ask what happens on the market in this case.
We assume the same numerical values as before (but it is not cars we talk about now); but consumers cannot distinguish high from low quality widgets so their reservation price reflects the expected quality: " Pbuy = q .120 + (1−q) . 70. Let’s assume that it costs 100kr to produce a widget (irrespective of quality). There are now three different cases to consider: i) If the producers choose to manufacture only low quality widgets; q = 0, and " ‾Pbuy = 70kr, but in this case the price is below the average cost of production, and no widgets are sold; ii) if only high-quality widgets are sold "‾Pbuy = 120kr, but with perfect competition the equilibrium price will be lowered down to P∗ = 100kr, this is good for the consumers who gets a surplus of 20kr per unit bought; iii) if both high- and low-quality widgets are manufactured, the proportion of high-quality widgets must be at least q∗ = 3/5 ; if it’s lower the buyers’ reservation price drops below the average cost of production and no widgets are supplied.
Finally, let’s make the reasonable assumption that it cost less to produce low- than high-quality widgets. The producers’ reservation price is now their average costs, or ‾PH = 100kr and. ‾PL = 80kr, we assume. If you were a producer of widgets and the market is characterized by perfect competition, how would you choose quality? Let’s assume that the market price is P = 100; if you choose to supply a high-quality widget, your profit will be equal to zero, but it will be 20kr per unit if you produce a low-quality widget. Since it’s a competitive market, you assume that you can do this without affecting the market price. The hitch is, though, that all producers think the same way and all manufacture widgets of low quality; the market price must therefore drop to ‾PL = 80kr, but this is still higher than the buyers’ reservation price for low-quality widgets so nothing will be produced or sold.
The example illustrates a complete market failure, since the buyers’ reservation price for high-quality widgets is 120kr and the average cost of production is 100kr. The establishment of high-quality production of widgets is Pareto-efficient, but it will not occur due to the possibility of low-quality production, and the difficulty (impossibility) of consumers to distinguish high- from low-quality widgets.
Latest technology based Economics Online Tutoring Assistance
Tutors, at the www.tutorsglobe.com, take pledge to provide full satisfaction and assurance in Intermediate Microeconomics homework help via online tutoring. Students are getting 100% satisfaction by online tutors across the globe. Here you can get homework help for Intermediate Microeconomics, project ideas and tutorials. We provide email based Intermediate Microeconomics homework help. You can join us to ask queries 24x7 with live, experienced and qualified online tutors specialized in Intermediate Microeconomics. Through Online Tutoring, you would be able to complete your homework or assignments at your home. Tutors at the TutorsGlobe are committed to provide the best quality online tutoring assistance for Economics homework help and assignment help services. They use their experience, as they have solved thousands of the Computer assignments, which may help you to solve your complex issues of Intermediate Microeconomics. TutorsGlobe assure for the best quality compliance to your homework. Compromise with quality is not in our dictionary. If we feel that we are not able to provide the homework help as per the deadline or given instruction by the student, we refund the money of the student without any delay.
Superposition of Harmonic Oscillations tutorial all along with the key concepts of Superposition of two harmonic oscillations of same frequency along same line, Uniform Circular Motion and SHM, Vector Addition, Oscillations in two dimensions
tutorsglobe.com fund flow analysis assignment help-homework help by online tools of financial analysis tutors
Stuck with complex assignments? Geographic Information Systems Assignment Help will resolve all your academic woes within no time!
tutorsglobe.com tongue assignment help-homework help by online receptor organs tutors
tutorsglobe.com consumer surplus assignment help-homework help by online theory of consumer behavior tutors
www.tutorsglobe.com offers production cost homework help, production cost assignment help, answering questions to production cost, short- run costs, fixed costs and variable costs, economics solutions by qualified economics tutors.
galilean transformation tutorial all along with the key concepts of frames of reference, non- invariance of electromagnetic phenomena under galilean transformation, ether hypothesis, michelson-morley experiment
www.tutorsglobe.com offers representation format of an object homework help, assignment help, case study, writing homework help, online tutoring assistance by computer science tutors.
Applications of Mass Spectrometry tutorial all along with the key concepts of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Ionization methods used in GC-MS, Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Thermospray, Electrospray (ES) Ionization, Atmospheric Pressure Ionization and Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Proteins and their Structures tutorial all along with the key concepts of Definition and Diversity of Proteins, Protein Structure and Levels of Protein Structure
Industrial electrochemistry tutorial all along with the key concepts of Electrochemistry, Basic Electrochemical Terms, Industrial applications of electrochemistry, Production of Aluminum and Production of Magnesium
www.tutorsglobe.com offers prototyping scenario homework help, assignment help, case study, writing homework help, online tutoring assistance by computer science tutors.
Rotational Spectroscopy tutorial all along with the key concepts of Principle of Rotational Spectroscopy, Understanding the Rotational Spectrum, Classification of Molecules Based on Rotational Behaviour
Theory and lecture notes of F distribution and F-test all along with the key concepts of F distribution, Avoiding Left Critical Values, F-Test, Tukey Test, Scheffe' Test, Within Group Variance, One-Way Analysis of Variance. Tutorsglobe offers homework help, assignment help and tutor’s assistance on F distribution and F-test.
tutorsglobe.com method of work assignment help-homework help by online mendels experiments tutors
1937409
Questions Asked
3689
Tutors
1488147
Questions Answered
Start Excelling in your courses, Ask an Expert and get answers for your homework and assignments!!