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  Treatment of diseases

Treatment of diseases:

In cholera the major treatment is substitution of fluid and electrolytes. Oral fluid therapy is sufficient; however in severe situations intravenous rehydration is needed. WHO recommends oral rehydration therapy. Chloramphenicol, Tetracycline, & Co-trimoxazole decrease the period of excretion of V. cholerae in cholera patients. Tetracycline is as well employed to decrease environmental contamination.

Epidemiology, Prevention and Control:

The pandemic of cholera occurred in the year 1800 and early 1900s. The classic biotype was prevalent via1960s. The ElT or biotype that was discovered in the year 1905 became prevalent in the late 1960s, and had caused the 7th  pandemic of cholera in Asia, Middle East and Africa.

Cholera is widespread in India and South East Asia. From such centers it is taken out by shipping trade routes and pilgrim routes. The disease spreads from person to person contact including individuals. Vibrois survive in water for up to 3 weeks.

Control measures depend on how people are educated on enhancement of sanitation, specifically of water and food. Patients must be isolated. Even though antimicrobial drugs have a position in treatment vaccine is also suggested to heavily exposed persons however it is not efficient. As an endemic control measure several countries ask for the vaccination certificate for cholera however WHO vaccination certificate is valid for only 6 months.

Vaccine:

Immune response is directed alongside the bacterium and not against the toxin. Infection with V. cholerae provides complete immunity for few years. Traditional whole-cell vaccines are not very efficient and are not suggested for travelers. Killed vaccines are licensed in certain countries and emerge to be safe and provide protection for six months only. Live attenuated oral vaccines are on examination.

 

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