Structure of antibodies

Structure of antibodies:

The common formula for antibody is (H2L2) n. The immunoglobulins are made of two heavy chains and two light chains. These are held altogether by covalent bonds. Such bonds are inter-chain disulphide bridges. Each chain is made up of a number of loops. Such loops are termed as domains. Each domain is made by intrachain disulphide bonds. There are two loop sections per L chain and 4 loop sections per H chain. There are two terminals in every chain. One is termed as C terminus and the other is termed as N terminus.

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Figure: Structure of antibody

Light chain:

C terminus consists of constant area.
N terminus consists of variable area.
L chain is termed as Kappa (k) and lambda (l).

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Figure: Light Chain

It consists of two domains; domain at N terminus is variable domain of light chain and is termed as VL and domain at C terminus is steady domain termed as CL.

 

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