Streptococcus Pyogenes

Streptococcus Pyogenes:

All Streptococci which are related with human infections belong to the genera Streptococcus and Enterococcus. Streptococci are gram positive cocci that grow as chain and pairs. (i.e., Greek: Streptos = chain, coccos = berry). Streptococci are catalase negative, non-motile and non-spore forming. They are facultative anaerobes, ferment carbohydrates with creation of lactic acid.

Hemolytic activities:

Streptococci show different kinds of haemolysis about the colonies whenever grown on blood agar plates.

Alpha haemolysis:

Whenever there is partial clearing of blood around the colonies with greenish discoloration and the outline of RBC is integral, the haemolysis is termed as alpha haemolysis. Str. pneumoniae, Str.oralis, Str.mitis and Str.anginosus show α haemolysis. Alpha haemolysis is not due to toxin. It is due to the oxidative action of H2O2 on haemoglobin to green methaemoglobin.

Beta haemolysis:

Whenever a zone of complete clearing of blood around the colonies due to lysis of red blood cells is generated, it is termed as beta haemolysis. It is due to the creation of toxin. Str.agalactiae, Str.pyogenes and Str.equisimilis generate β haemolysis.

Gamma haemolysis:

Whenever no change in the medium around the colony or discoloration and no lysis of red blood cells take place, it is termed as gamma haemolysis. Str.salivarius and Str.mutans generate no haemolysis.

 

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