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  Shigella

Shigella:

The genus Shigella belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae. It consists of four species Shigella flexneri, Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella boydii and Shigella sonnei. These are distinguished based on their biochemical and serological characteristics.

Shigellae are Gram negative bacilli that can’t be distinguished from other enterobacteria by morphology. They are non-motile, non-spore forming and non capsulated. They do not ferment lactose however Shi. Sonnei ferments lactose gradually. The antigenic structure is complicated. Based on antigenic structure Sh. dysenteriae can be classified into 13 and Sh. boydii into 18 particular serotypes. Strains of Sh. flexneri are divided into 6 serotypes where as Sh. sonnei has two serotypes. Shigellae cause acute bacillary dysentery in the man.

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Clinical features:

Bacillary dysentery is characterized by the common passage of blood stained muco purulent stool. It is caused by the members of the genus Shigella and is widespread in most countries. The incubation period is between 2-3 days or might be short. The initial symptom is abdominal colic. This is pursued by watery diarrhea, fever and malaise. In mild situations it solves at this phase though others progress to abdominal cramps, tenesmus and common passage of small volumes of stool mostly comprising of bloody mucus. The symptoms might last for 4 days however may continue for 10 days or more. Some species might cause febrile convulsions, disseminated intravascular coagulation and acute renal breakdown in children.

 

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