Parasitism

Parasitism:

Parasites of prime medical significance are less sophisticated. They have the capacity to harm the host. When the host dies, parasites also are removed unless they are transferred to a new host. When the host survives, it removes the parasites by defensive means.

Since with most biological phenomenon, there is no sharp abrupt difference, though instead a gradation and a spectrum of parasitic competence. A few can cause disease when a predisposing condition is existed. For illustration due to penetrating injury when E.coli from the intestine is transferred to urinary tract, this causes urinary tract infection. Some, rather than overt disease, cause covert disease (i.e., sub clinical disease) and evoke immune response. Illustration: Polio viruses. Some generate over disease, culminating in the virtual removal of the parasite. Illustration: Measles virus.

Extreme parasitism is that in which the host is hurt too much that the host is removed. Illustration: pneumonic plague caused by Yersinia pestis.

Therefore the interactions among parasites and the host might lead to colonization, transform or overt disease.

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Figure: An interaction among host and parasite might outcome in infection; that consists of colonization and infectious disease. Infectious disease might be either covert (i.e., subclinical) or overt (i.e., symptomatic).

Normally micro-organisms are existed on:

(1) Skin in general, feet and exterior auditory canal.
(2) Upper respiratory tract comprising nasal passage and naso pharynx.
(3) Mouth involving oropharynx, predentulous, saliva, tooth surfaces and gingival crevice.
(4) Intestinal tract
(5) Genito urinary tract involving external genitalia, anterior urethra and vagina.
(6) Conjunctiva

 

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