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  Normal flora of the intestinal tract

Normal flora of the intestinal tract:

On birth the intestine is sterile. Organisms are introduced all along with food. In breast–fed children, the intestine has large numbers of lactic acid Streptococci and lactobacilli. Such aerobic and anaerobic gram positive organisms generate acid from carbohydrates and tolerate acid pH (pH:5) as food habits build up toward the adult pattern, the intestinal flora changes. Diet has pronounced influence on the composition of intestinal flora.

In ordinary adults, the esophagus has organisms of the oral cavity. Since of the acidity of the stomach very few organisms (10-105/gram of contents) are found there the usual acid pH of the stomach markedly protects against infection with few enteric pathogens such as V.cholerae. Since the pH of the intestinal contents becomes alkaline, there is a raise in the number of organisms. The following organism is found in the gastro intestinal tract of man.

(1) Various Enterobacteriaceae apart from Salmonella, Shigella, yersinia, and Vibrio and Campylobacters,

(2) Non-glucose fermenting gram negative rods

(3) Enterococci

(4) S.epidermidis

(5) Alpha and non hemolytic streptococci

(6) Diphtheroids

(7) S.aureus in small numbers

(8) Yeasts in small numbers

(9) Large numbers of anaerobic organisms

Genitourinary tract:

Usually the anterior urethra and vagina are the anatomic regions of genitourinary system permanently colonized with microbes. Urinary bladder might be transiently colonized with bacteria migrating from urethra. Though they are rapidly cleared by the bactericidal activity of uroepithelial cells and flushing action of voided urine.

 

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