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  Nitrogen cycle

Nitrogen cycle:

Nitrogen consist highest concentration in the atmosphere. It is also a necessary constituent of proteins and chlorophyll found in organisms. The key procedures of biogeochemical cycling of nitrogen are nitrogen fixation, nitrification, ammonification, and denitrification.

i) Nitrogen fixation:

The transformation of molecular nitrogen into a nitrogenous compound is termed as nitrogen fixation. There are free living and symbiotic microorganisms that fix nitrogen into proteins. The nitrogen fixing micro-organisms are termed as diazotrophs.

ii) Ammonification:

Ammonification is a procedure in which organic nitrogen is transformed into ammonia. The amino acids are employed as nutrients by micro-organisms. Under aerobic circumstances, the amino groups are eliminated from amino acids with the discharge of ammonia.

iii) Nitrification:

It is a procedure in which ammonia is oxidized into nitrate. The procedure comprises of two steps. In the primary step, ammonia is oxidized into nitrite. This is termed as nitrosofication.

2NH3 + 3O2 → 2HNO2 + 2H2O

The oxidation reaction gives energy and this is taken out in the bacterial genera Nitrosomonas and Nitrosococcus. In the second step, the nitrite is oxidized into nitrate

2HNO2 + O2 → 2HNO3

This oxidation also gives energy and this is taken out in the bacterial genus Nitrobacter.

569_notrogen cycle.jpg


 
                         Figure: The Nitrogen cycle

iv) Denitrification:

Denitrification is a procedure in which nitrates are reduced to nitrites and afterward to gaseous nitrogen.

NO3 → NO2 → N2O → N2

In denitrification, organic compounds serve up as hydrogen donors and nitrate serves as an electron acceptor. Denitrification takes place under anaerobic conditions example, during seasonal flooding on the land.  It is taken out under the influence of bacterial genera such as Thiobacillus denitrificans, Micrococcus dentrification & Clostridium sp.

 

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