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  Laboratory Diagnosis of Shigella

Laboratory Diagnosis of Shigella:

The specimen of faeces is at all times preferable. The specimen is inoculated onto Desoxycholate Citrate Agar (i.e., DCA) or Mac Conkey Agar.  When mucus is present that might be employed as inoculum.

Subsequent to overnight incubation pale non-lactose fermenting colonies are tested by typical biochemical and sugar utilization tests to distinguish from other enterobacteria. Identity is verified by serological tests with species-specific rabbit antibodies.

Treatment:

Most situations of Shigella dysentery are mild and do not need antibiotic therapy. Symptomatic treatment with oral rehydration salt solution might be needed. Treatment with appropriate antibiotic is essential in very young, the aged and in rigorous infections. Co-trimoxazole, Ampicillin, Tetracycline or Ciprofloxacin might be employed when any one drug is revealed to be active in vitro.

Sources and Spread:

Bacillary dysentery spreads by the fecal-oral route. When the infected person does not clean his hands correctly at toilet, he spreads the bacteria to others by touching door knobs, wash basin taps and so forth. Whenever another person handles such things, he obtains them in his hands and then to his mouth. It too spreads via contaminated food and water. Mainly school age children are included and specifically primary school children. Neglect of toilet hygiene by children at school plays a significant role. At times it might be seasonal. Flying insects spread the disease by transferring shigellae from human excreta mechanically to food stuffs.  Foods might also be contaminated directly by human handlers.

Control:

Good hygienic toilet facilities, mostly in schools might decrease the spread of infection. Hand washing after the utilization of toilets must be taught in schools. During infection hand washing might reduce only a very little number of bacteria. Therefore people with severe infection require staying away from work.

 

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