Immunity

Immunity:

HIV infection and AIDS are exemplified by profound immunosuppression. Antibodies to the envelope glycoprotein’s and core proteins (i.e., p24) develop within two months of prime infection. Whenever the clinical signs and symptoms build up the anti p24 antibody level declines. In asymptomatic individual’s high titres of anti-p24 antibody is existed. During the asymptomatic period the number of CD4 T-cells reduces leading to the impairment of resistance to infection. The number of CD8 T- cells, rises as the disease develops. The demolition of CD4 T-cells takes place by replication of HIV, lysis of infected cells by cytotoxic T-cells, NK Cells & ADCC [i.e., Antibody dependent Cell-mediated cytotoxicity.] As an outcome of the reduction in CD4 T-cells and raise in CD8 T-cells, immunological changes such as decrease in function of lymphocytes, macrophages and natural killer cells, reduce in the production of IL-2, interferon – ã and other lymphokines, polyclonal activation of B-cells are noticed. Since the disease progresses, the full blown AIDS develops. The net lymphocyte count reduces to 2000 cu.mm, CD4 T-cell count reduces to 200 and the CD4:CD8 T-cells ratio is upturned. In majority of individuals with AIDS, failure of cutaneous hypersensitivity is viewed.

 

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