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  Identification of cultures

Identification of cultures:

Presumptive recognition is executed by examining the responses of a purified culture to a set of standard biochemical tests. Standard slide agglutination tests are completed to verify the identity of the organism employing known antisera.

Serology:

Widal close to the end of the 19th century found that the sera of typhoid patients build up agglutinating antibodies to S. typhi. A bacterial agglutination test termed after Widal is employed in the diagnosis of enteric fever (i.e., typhoid and paratyphoid fevers) that is caused by S. typhi, S. paratyphi A, S. paratyphi B and S. paratyphi C. enteric fevers due to S. tpyhi and S. paratyphi A and B are general.

Antigens made from such strains are employed in the agglutination test to detect the existence of antibodies in patient’s sera that are elicited in response to infection by such bacteria. These organisms possess two main antigens viz., somatic ‘O’ and flagellar ‘H’ antigens. Widal test detects the quantity of antibodies formed in the patient’s serum. The outcomes of the Widal test should be interpreted carefully keeping in mind the below:

1. Antibodies emerge after 1 week of infection.

2. Early on treatment with antibiotics will hinder with antibody production.

3. Anamnestic response might lead to the existence of low level of antibodies in serum.
4.TAB vaccination leads to ‘H’ antibody rise.

5. ‘O’ antibody mount points out recent infection.

6. ‘H’ antibody is precise for the infecting organisms.

7. A titre of 1:100 and over in ‘O’ and ‘H’ points out active or recent infection.

8. Whenever low titer is noticed the test is repeated to illustrate rise in titer after a week and a fourfold augment in titer points out active infection.

9. Agglutinins to the somatic (i.e., TO) antigens build up later in the illness and decline slowly and erratically in recovery, however those to flagellar antigens (i.e., TH) mount early and persist.

 

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