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  Hypersensitivity- Delayed Type Hypersensitivity

Hypersensitivity- Delayed Type Hypersensitivity(Dth)

In Type IV hypersensitivity the antigen made active exclusively sensitized T lymphocytes leading to the secretion of lymphokines that mediate such hypersensitivity. It is of delayed type hypersensitivity. Two types of delayed type hypersensitivities are accredited.

They are:

(1) Tuberculin type
(2) Contact dermatitis type

1. Tuberculin type:

This form of hypersensitivity was explained by Robert Koch. He noticed that whenever patients containing tuberculosis were specified a subcutaneous injection of tuberculin [i.e., a lipoprotein antigen derived from tubercle bacilli], they build up fever & widespread sickness, and the injection site swelled and tough.

Mechanism of tuberculin hypersensitivity:

Whenever a small dosage of tuberculin is injected intradermally in an individual sensitized to tuberculoprotein, subsequent to 12 hrs lymphocytes start to migrate from local blood vessels. These lymphocytes go to the site of antigen all along with macrophages. Such lymphocytes & macrophages respond with antigen and generate erythema & induration subsequent to 24 to 48 hours of the injection.

2. Contact dermatitis hypersensitivity:

Delayed type hypersensitivity at times outcomes from skin contact with an assortment of chemicals similar to chromium, nickel, picryl chloride, drugs similar to penicillin.

Tests for delayed type hypersensitivity:

A) Tuberculin skin test for tuberculin kind hypersensitivity.
B) Patch test for contact dermatitis.

Therapy:

Avoid the utilization of allergens. Inflammatory response is decreased with the employ of aspirin. Other immunosuppressive drugs can also be employed.

 

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