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  Characteristics of Streptococcus pyogenes

Characteristics of Streptococcus pyogenes:

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                                                                   Figure: Streptococcus pyogenes


Pathogenic attributes:

Streptococcus pyogenes states large numbers of virulent factors and induces differing clinical conditions. Such virulence factors aid the organisms to adhere to tissues, avoid host defenses and cause tissue harm. All virulence factors might not be stated by all strains all the times. Therefore there is variation seen in the clinical picture. The schematic diagram below shows the location of different virulence related products of Str. pyogenes.

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                                                              Figure: Streptococcus pyogenes

Adhesion:

Host cells consist of a matrix protein termed as fibronectin. Str.pyogenes possesses a protein termed as F protein. There is interaction between host cell fibronectin and streptococcal F protein. It leads to initial binding and later internalization of streptococci in the host cell.

M proteins:

The M protein is anchored in the cytoplasmic membrane. This comes out via the cell wall and protrudes from the cell surface as fibrils. It aids the organisms to adhere on to the host cells and resist phagocytosis. Antibodies to M proteins provide acquired resistance to streptococci possessing that particular M protein. Though, there are numerous different types of M protein variants. More than 80 diverse M proteins have been recognized. Therefore a person might suffer from recurrent Streptococcus pyogenes infection with strains stating various versions of M-protein.

M like protein:
M like protein is structurally associated to M protein. It has antiphagocytic action. It can bind different serum proteins that comprise fibrinogen, albumin, plasminogen, IgG, IgA α2 macroglobulin, factor H of complement system. Since these bacteria are coated with host proteins, they camouflage themselves and avoid host defenses.

Capsule:

Certain strains of Str. pyogenes generate capsule. This capsule is made up of hyaluronic acid. Capsule generating strains are extremely virulent. Capsule contains anti-phagocytic activity. Since the capsule is similar with the hyaluronic acid of connective tissue of the host, the bacteria disguise themselves and evade immune attack.

 

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