Types of salts

Types of salts:

a) Simple salt:

A simple salt is made by the neutralization of an acid by a base.

KOH + HCl → KCl + H2O

Generally, a simple salt ionises in water and generates ions in solution. The solution of the simple salt shows the properties of its component ions.

b) Molecular or addition compounds:

i) Double salts:

These are molecular compounds that are formed by the evaporation of solution having two or more salts in stoichiometric proportions. Therefore the molecular compounds that dissociate in solution into its constituent ions are termed as double salt. Double salts keep their properties only in solid state.

They are also termed as lattice compounds.

Illustration:

K2SO4. Al2 (SO4)3. 24H2O - Potash alum
FeSO4. (NH4)2 SO4. 6H2O - Mohr’s salt
K2SO4. Al2(SO4)3. 24H2O → 2K+ + 2Al3++ 4SO42- + 24H2O

The double salts provide the test of all their constituent ions in the solution.


ii) Coordination or complex compounds:

The coordination compound is ‘a compound made from a Lewis acid and a Lewis base’. The molecular compounds do not separate into its constituent ions in solution are termed as coordination compounds.

Illustration:

Fe (CN)2 + 4KCN → Fe(CN)2 . 4KCN (or) K4[Fe(CN)6]
Ferrous cyanide

Fe(CN)2. 4KCN ↔ 4K++ [Fe(CN)6]4-
                           Complex anion

In K4[Fe (CN)6] the individual components lose their  uniqueness. The metal of the complex ion is not free in solution dissimilar metal in double salt in solution.

 

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