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  Structures of interhalogen compounds

Structures of interhalogen compounds:

Interhalogen compounds are commonly covalent compounds in which the bigger halogen builds up the central atom.

1. Type AX: 

As expected, the compounds of the type AX are linear. Therefore CΙF, BrCl, BrF, ΙBr and ΙCI are all linear in structure.

The electronic structure of Chlorine atom, in ground state and in hybridized state is symbolized as in figure shown below:

2113_struc of interhalogen1.jpg


                                      Figure: Linear structure of the interhalogen compounds of the type AX

However the spatial arrangement of four electron pairs (bp = 1 and lps = 3) around central chlorine atom is tetrahedral, due to the presence of three lone pairs of electrons in three hybrid orbitals, the shape of AX molecule obtains distorted and become linear.

2. Type AX3:

Compounds of the type AX3 have trigonal bipyramidal structure; the figure is as shown for the ClF3 molecule.

Bipyramidal structure occurs out of sp3d hybridisation included in the formation of this compound, as illustrated in figure shown below. The three dotted arrows point out electrons contributed by the three fluorine atoms (i.e., without lone pair it is T-shaped).

954_struc of interhalogen2.jpg

                                                            Figure: Bi pyramidal structure of CIF3 molecule

 

911_struc of interhalogen3.jpg


  

                                        Figure: sp3d hybridisation included in the formation of ClF3 molecule


3. Type AX5 (ΙF5, BrF5, and so on):

These compounds are made by sp3d2 hybridisation and therefore have an octahedral structure, as shown in figure below for the formation of ΙF5 molecule (i.e., without lone pair it is square pyramidal).

 

2389_struc of interhalogen4.jpg



4. Type AX7 (ΙF7):

The compound has a pentagonal bipyramidal structure as this is formed by sp3d3 hybridisation.

  

953_Struc of interhalogen5.jpg

                                                                  Figure: Structure of IF7

 

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