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  Silicones

Silicones – structure and uses:

The silicones are group of organosilicon polymers. They have a wide range of commercial utilizations.

The complete hydrolysis of SiCl4 outcomes silica SiO2 that has a very stable 3-dimensional structure. The basic research of F.S. Kipping on the hydrolysis of alkyl-substituted chlorosilanes led, not to the predicted silicon compound analogous to a ketone, although to long-chain polymers termed silicones.

The preliminary materials for the manufacture of silicones are alkyl-substituted chlorosilanes. Therefore the hydrolysis of trialkylmonochlorosilane R3SiCl outcomes hexa-alkylsiloxane.

The dialkyldichlorosilane R2SiCl2 on hydrolysis gives mount to straight chain polymers and, as an active OH group is left at each end of the chain, polymerization continues and the chain rises in length.

The hydrolysis of alkyl tricholorosilane RSiCl3 provides a very complicated cross-linked polymer.

Uses:

1) Silicones perform as outstanding insulators for electric motors and other machines as they can withstand high temperatures.

2) Straight chain polymers of 20 to 500 units are employed as silicone fluids. They are water repellent since of the organic side group. Such polymers are utilized in waterproofing textiles, as lubricants and in polish.

3) Silicone rubber retains their elasticity however at low temperatures and resists chemical attack. They are mixed with paints to build them damp-resistant.

4) Silicone resins, a cross-linked polymer employed as non-stick coating for pans and is utilized in paints and varnish.

5) Silicone oils are extremely stable and non-volatile even on heating. Therefore employed for high vacuum pump, high temperature oil bath and so on.

 

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