Properties of chromium:
Physical Properties:
1. The metal is crystalline and silvery white.2. It is very tough and brittle3. It melts at 2113K.Chemical Properties:
A. Action of air:
It is not affected by air at normal temperatures.
Whenever heated to very high temperature at around 2000°C it is oxidised to chromic oxide.
4Cr + 3O2 → 2Cr2O3B. Action of Water:
There is no action at ordinary temperatures. Though it decomposes steam at red heat to provide chromic oxide and hydrogen.
2Cr + 3H2O → Cr2O3 + 3H2C. Action of Acids:
It dissolves in dilute hydrochloric acid and sulphuric acid to release hydrogen and forms chromous salts.
Cr + 2HCl → CrCl2+ H2↑Cr + H2SO4 → CrSO4+ H2↑D. With hot concentrated sulphuric acid it provides chromic sulphate and releases sulphur dioxide.
2Cr + 6H2SO4 → Cr2 (SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2OE. Dilute nitric acid does not attack on pure metal while concentrated acid leaves it inactive or passive that is, it does not exhibit its usual reactions.F. Action with Halogens:
Chromium joins directly with fluorine and dry chlorine to provide chromium (III) halides.
2Cr + 3F2 → 2CrF32Cr + 3Cl2 → 2CrCl3
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The objective of Activity Based Costing - To eliminate the distortions in computation of total costs as seen in the conventional costing system and bring more correctness in the computation of costs of products and services.
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