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  P Block Elements

Introduction to P-block Elements

The p-block of the periodic table of the elements comprises of the last six groups except for helium as helium is placed in S- block. In the elemental form of the p-block elements, highest energy electron occupies a position in p-orbital. The p-block includes all non-metals (excluding hydrogen and helium which are in the s-block) and semimetals, along with the post-transition metals.

The groups of the p-block are:

  • 13 (IIIB, IIIA): Boron group

Boron Group- The boron group is the set of elements in group 13 (IUPAC style) of the periodic table, consisting of boron (B), aluminium (Al), gallium (Ga), indium (In), thallium (Tl), and ununtrium (Uut). The elements in the boron group are described by owing three electrons in their outer energy levels (valence layers). These elements have been known as earth metals and as triels.

  • 14 (IVB, IVA): Carbon group

Carbon Group- carbon group is a group in periodic table comprises of carbon (C), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), tin (Sn), lead (Pb), and flerovium (Fl).

  • 15 (VB, VA): Nitrogen group (or pnictogens)

Nitrogen group- nitrogen group (also called as pnictogens) is a periodic table group including nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), bismuth (Bi) and ununpentium (Uup) (unconfirmed).

  • 16 (VIB, VIA): Chalcogens

Chalcogens- chalcogens are the chemical elements positioned in group 16 (old-style: VIB or VIA) of the periodic table. Chalcogens group is also named as the oxygen family. It includes the elements oxygen (O), sulphur (S), selenium (Se), tellurium (Te), the radioactive element polonium (Po) and synthetic element livermorium (Lv)

  • 17 (VIIB, VIIA): Halogens

Halogens- halogens or halogen elements are a set of non-metal elements from group 17 of the periodic table (formerly: VII, VIIA), including fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and astatine (At). The artificially developed element 117 (ununseptium) can also be a halogen.

  • 18 (Group 0): Noble gases (excluding helium)

Noble gases- noble gases form a group of chemical elements with like properties: under standard conditions, they are all odourless, colourless, monatomic gases with very less chemical reactivity. The 6 noble gases that exist naturally are helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and the radioactive radon (Rn).

 

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