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Introduction of Ionic compound

In study of chemistry, an Ionic compound is a chemical compound in which ions are combined together in a lattice structure through ionic bonds. Usually the negatively charged portion is an anion or polyatomic ion and the positively charged portion comprises of metal cations. The Ions in ionic compounds are combined together by the electrostatic forces among oppositely charged bodies. Ionic compounds have mostly high boiling and melting points and they are tough and brittle.

Ions may be single atoms, as the sodium and chlorine in general table salt sodium chloride or more complex groups such as carbonate in calcium carbonate. But considered an ion, they should possess a positive or negative charge. Therefore, in an ionic bond, one 'bonder' should have a positive charge and the other one has negative. By sticking to one another they partly resolve or fully resolve their separate charge imbalances. Positive to positive and Negative to negative ionic bonds do not takes place.

Efficient Packing

Crystal structure of ionic solids is composed solely of monatomic ions and is governed by two relatively easy factors.

  • The highly efficient packing of ions is desired.
  • As like charges repel, it's essential to prevent two anions or two cations from coming together with each other.

Just like covalent bonding and non-spherical atoms developed exceptions to the closest-packing rule for metals, these like issues can be significant in the packing of ionic solids. There are many exceptions to the simple rules discussed below.

To pack monatomic ions collectively to form an ionic solid, first choose largest ion, which is usually anion. Pack these large ions with each other in a closest-packed fashion (either hcp or ccp). Next put smaller ion (generally the cation) in the holes in the closest-packed structure for the larger ion.

Chemical compounds are not at all strictly ionic. Even the highly electronegative or electropositive pairs like caesium fluoride shows a degree of the covalency. Likewise, covalent compounds often show charge separations.

Physical properties

Physical Properties

Ionic Compounds

States (at room temperature)

Solid

Electrical conductivity

Solid: No   Liquid: Yes   Aqueous: Yes (only if soluble)

Boiling point and Melting Point

High

Solubility in water

Often high

Thermal conductivity

Low

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