Formation of colored ions

Formation of colored ions:

Mostly transition metal compounds are colored in their solution or solid form. The color of transition metal ions is due to the presence of unpaired electrons in it and the energy gap among two energy levels in similar d-subshell being small. Therefore very small quantity of energy is needed for excitation of electrons from one energy level to another. The energy can be easily given by the visible light. The color observed corresponds to the complementary color of the light absorbed.

The color of some transition metal ions are specified in the table shown below:

358_colored ions d block.jpg

 

It might be noted that Cadmium, Zinc, and Mercury salts do not form any colored compounds since of the absence of vacant d orbitals to which electrons can be excited. Sc3+ ions are also colorless since of the absence of d-electrons.

 

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