First Transition Series

First Transition Series:

The metals of the Ist transition series exhibit variable valency. The metals are rigid, Refractory, electropositive, very good conductors of heat and electricity, exception: Cu, soft, ductile metal, comparatively noble second only to Ag as the conductor of heat and electricity

Mn and Fe are attacked quite readily others are usually unreactive at room temperature. All react on heating with halogens, sulfur, & other nonmetals. The nitrides, carbides, and borides are generally nonstoichiometric, interstitial, rigid, and refractory.

The I oxidation state:

With the exception of copper, where copper(I) binary compounds and complexes and the Cu+ ion are termed as the chemistry of the I, 0, -I, and -II formal oxidation states is completely concerned with:

(a) π-Acid ligands like CO, NO, PR3, CN-, and bpy.

(b) Organometallic chemistry in which alkenes, acetylenes, or aromatic systems, like benzene, are bound to the metal.

The II oxidation state:

Binary compounds in this state are generally ionic. The metal oxides are essential and the NaCl structure are frequently nonstoichiometric, mainly for Ti, V, and Fe. The aqua ions [M(H2O)6]2+, except for the unknown Ti2+ion, are fine characterized in solution and in crystalline solids.

The III Oxidation State:

Every elements form at least some compounds in this state Exception: Cu. Only a few complexes, not stable to water, are termed as The fluorides (MF3) and oxides (M2O3) are usually ionic Chlorides, bromides, and iodides, sulfides and alike compounds have significant covalent character.

The IV and Higher Oxidation States:

The IV state is the most significant state for Ti main chemistry is that of TiO2 and TiCl4 and derivatives VCI4, the main chemistry is that of the oxovanadium(IV) or vanadyl ion VO2+ ion can behave like an M2+ion, forms most of the complexes cationic, neutral, or anionic, depending on the ligand. For the residual elements, the IV oxidation state is not very general or well established except in fluorides fluoro complex ions, oxo anions, and some complexes.

The oxidation states V :

The above are termed for V, Cr, Mn, and Fe fluorides, fluorocomplexes, oxo anions, CrF5, KMn04, K2, FeO4 All are influential oxidizing agents.

 

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