Etching glass

Etching glass:

Industrially, hydrogen fluoride is acquired by heating fluorspar (CaF2) with concentrated H2SO4 within a lead vessel.

CaF2 + H2SO4 → CaSO4 + 2HF.

HF distils over and vapors are condensed in water in the lead receiver. Aqueous HF therefore obtained is stored in wax bottles.  It can’t be stored in glass or silica bottles as it attacks silica and silicates.

Na2SiO3 + 6HF → Na2SiF6 + 3H2O
SiO2 + 4HF → SiF4 + 2H2O

The act of hydrofluoric acid on silica and silicates is employed for etching glass. The glass article is initially covered with a film on wax. The design to be etched is now drawn on waxed surface and is then exposed to the act of hydrofluoric acid. Now the glass can be very quickly etched.  The wax is at last washed off with turpentine.

 

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