Introduction of Coordination Compounds
Definition: Compound having one or more coordinate bonds, which is a link among pair of electrons in which both electrons are donated by only one of the atoms.
Examples: Most of the metal complexes or compounds except alloys. Examples consist of haemoglobin and Ru3 (CO)12.
In writing the formulae of Coordination Compounds it is easy to take in the complete coordination complex in square brackets, example being given by [Co (NH3)5Cl]Cl2, in which the coordination complex is[Co(NH3)5Cl]2+ with two chloride counter ions. The Bronsted bases attach to metal ion in these compounds are known as ligands. These can be simple ions as Cl-, small molecules such as H2O or NH3, larger molecules like H2NCH2CH2NH2or N(CH2CH2NH2)3 or macromolecules also.
Types of Ligand
1. Unidentate Ligand-Where a ligand is bound to the metal ion by a single donor atom like with Cl-, H2O or NH3 this type of ligand is known as unidentate.
2. Bidentate Ligand-Where 2 donor atoms are used to bind to a metal ion like with H2NCH2CH2NH2 the ligand is known as bidentate.
3. Polydentate Ligand-Where various donor atoms are there in a single ligand like with N (CH2CH2NH2)3 the ligand is known as Polydentate.
Coordination compounds in nature
Naturally existing coordination compounds are essential to living organisms. Metal complexes play various significant roles in biological systems. Various enzymes, the naturally occurring catalysts that control biological processes, are metal complexes (metalloenzymes); for example, carboxypeptidase, a hydrolytic enzyme significant in digestion, has a zinc ion coordinated to several amino acid remains of the protein. Other enzyme, catalase which is an effective catalyst for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, includes the iron-porphyrin complexes. In both the cases, coordinated metal ions are most likely the sites for catalytic activity. Hemoglobin also possess the iron-porphyrin complexes its function as an oxygen carrier being linked to the ability of the iron atoms to coordinate oxygen molecules reversibly. Other biologically major coordination compounds comprise chlorophyll (a magnesium-porphyrin complex) and vitamin B12 a complex of cobalt along with a macrocyclic ligand called as corrin.
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