Working of Centrifugal Pump

Introduction to Working of Centrifugal Pump

The centrifugal pump is filled with liquid and the impeller is rotated. The core of any centrifugal pump is the impeller. Fluid come in the impeller by the "eye" as displayed in the below diagram and is "centrifuged" (therefore the name) to the impeller periphery, with help from the impeller vanes. Impeller designs can be open / closed, with one or several vanes, or no vanes at all.

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Diagram: centrifugal Pump action

This pump converts energy of a prime mover (an electric motor / turbine) very first into velocity or kinetic energy and after that into pressure energy of a fluid which is being pumped. The energy changes happen because of two major parts of the pump, the impeller and the volute or casing. The impeller is the rotating part and the driver energy is converted in to the kinetic energy by this. The casing or volute is the stationary part which converts the kinetic energy into pressure energy.

The energy that is created through the centrifugal force is kinetic energy. The quantity of energy provided to the liquid is comparative to the velocity at the edge or vane tip of the impeller. The faster the impeller rotates, after that the higher will be the velocity of the liquid at the vane tip and larger will be the energy passed on to the liquid. This kinetic energy of a liquid emergence of an impeller is controlled through making a resistance to the flow. The first resistance is made through the pump volute (casing) which catches the liquid and slows it down. In the discharge nozzle, the liquid additional decelerates and the velocity of it is converted to pressure as per to Bernoulli's principle. Hence, the head (pressure in terms of height of liquid) developed is about equal to the velocity energy at the periphery of the impeller.

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