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  Transmitting Antenna Types

Introduction to Transmitting Antenna Types

There are several variations of antennas. There are a few basic models are explained as follow:

  • The isotropic radiator is a simply theoretical antenna which radiates equally in all directions. It is referred to be a point in space without dimensions and no mass. This antenna can't physically present, but is helpful like a theoretical model for comparison along with all another antennas. Several antennas gains are measured with reference to an isotropic radiator, and are rated in dBi (decibels along with respect to an isotropic radiator)
  • The dipole antenna is just two wires pointed in reverse directions arranged either vertically or horizontally, with one end of every wire connected to the radio and the another end hanging free in space. Because this is the very simple practical antenna, it is also employed like a reference model for another antennas; gain with respect to a dipole is entitled as dBd. Usually, the dipole is referred to be omni directional in the plane perpendicular to the axis of the antenna. But it contains deep null like in the directions of the axis. Variations of the dipole involve the folded dipole, the ground plane antenna, the whip, the half wave antenna, and the J-pole.
  • The Yagi- Uda antenna is a directional difference of the dipole along with parasitic elements added that are functionally identical to adding a reflector and lenses (directors)
  • The random wire antenna is just a very long (minimum one quarter wavelength) wire along with one end connected to the radio and another in free space, arranged in any way most suitable for the space that available. Folding will decrease effectiveness. Generally a random wire antenna will also need an antenna tuner, like it may have random impedance that changes non-linearly with frequency.
  • The horn is employed in which high gain is required, the wavelength is short (microwave) and space is not a matter. Horns can be wide band or narrow band, rely on their shape. A horn can be established for any frequency but horns for lower frequencies are generally impractical. Horns are also often employed like reference antennas.
  • The parabolic antenna contains an active element at the focus of a parabolic reflector to reflect the waves into a plane wave. As the horn it is employed for high gain, microwave applications, like satellite dishes.

• The patch antenna contains mostly of a square conductor mounted over a ground plane. Other instance of a planar antenna is the tapered slot antenna (TSA), like the Vivaldi antenna.

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