Introduction to Basic Structure of Top Loading Washing Machine
The entire structure showing the internal parts of washing machine are displayed in the below diagram. The following components must be exists in any type of washing machine, be it top-loading or front-loading. Dissimilar models of machines different only in the positioning of these parts. There is a particular function assigned to each part.
1) Water inlet control valve:
Next to the water inlet point of the washing there is water inlet control valve. While we load the clothes in washing machine, this inlet control valve opened automatically and it closes automatically relies on the total quantity of the water needed. The water control valve is in fact the solenoid valve.
2) Water pump:
The water pump flow the water via the washing machine. It runs in two directions, re-circulating the water throughout wash cycle and draining the water throughout the spin cycle.
3) Tub:
There are two kinds of tubs in the washing machine, inner and outer. Generally these tubs are built up of sheet steel coated with zinc to enhance rust resistance. The clothes are loaded in the inner tub, in which the clothes are washed, rinsed and dried. The inner tub comprises small holes for draining the water. The other tub that is the external tub covers the inner tub and supports it during several cycles of clothes washing.
Diagram- Top loading washing machine
4) Agitator or rotating disc:
It a plastic cylinder positioned at the center of the inner tub. It is the significant part of the washing machine which actually carries out the cleaning operation of the clothes. Throughout the wash cycle the agitator rotates constantly and generates strong rotating currents in the water because of which the clothes also rotate inside the tub. The rotation of the clothes in water consisting of the detergent allows the removal of the dirt particles from the fabric of the clothes. So the agitator produces most significant function of rubbing the clothes with each other also with water.
In a number of washing machines, in place of the long agitator, there is a disc which consists of blades on its upper side. The rotation of the disc and the blades generates strong currents in the water and the rubbing of clothes which helps in removing the dirt from clothes.
5) Motor of the washing machine:
The motor is coupled to the agitator or the disc and generates it rotator motion. These are multispeed motors, which speed can be changed according the need. In the fully automatic washing machine the speed of the motor that is the agitator changes automatically according to the load on the washing machine. Actually, it is the motor that accelerates the process of washing. Hence, it is a very significant component of a washing machine. The very much popular type of motor employed in a washing machine is a single phase, 230 V, 50 Hz, capacitor start and run squirrel cage induction motor. These motor might range from 1/3 to 1/2 hp rating. These motors are normally protected from overload and overheating conditions by means of a bimetallic overload relay or a thermal switch. The motor is situated in such a way that water leakages do not fall on to these motors
6) Timer:
The timer assists in setting the wash time for the clothes manually. In the automatic mode the time is set automatically depending on the no. of clothes in the washing machine.
7) Controller:
The controller having of the several electronic components and circuits that are programmed to carry out in unique ways depending upon the load conditions (the condition and the quantity of clothes loaded in the washing machine). They are kind of artificial intelligence devices which sense the several external conditions and take the decisions accordingly. These are also termed as fuzzy logic systems. So the controller will compute the total weight of the clothes, and discover the quantity of water and detergent needed, and the total time needed for washing the clothes. After that they will decide the time needed for washing and rinsing.
8) Drain pipe:
The drain pipe allows removing the dirty water from the washing that has been employed for the washing purpose.
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