Introduction to Pulse Modulation
A system of modulation where the duration, amplitude, position might be so controlled like to present the message to be communicated.
Changing the amplitude, polarity, existence or nonexistence, duration of the pulses provides increase to the four basic types of pulse modulation:
ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERSION
In pulse modulation a significant concept is analog - to - digital (A/D) conversion. An opposite digital- to- analog (D/A) process is employed at the receiver to reconstruct an approximation of the original form. Theoretically, analog - to- digital conversion includes two steps.
1st, the range of amplitudes is spit into a finite number of predetermined levels, and every such level is presented through a pulse of fixed amplitude.
2nd, the amplitude of s(t) is periodically computed and replaced through the pulse presenting the level which corresponds to the measurement
PULSE-AMPLITUDE MODULATION
In several practical systems the pulse duration, termed as the duty cycle is inadequate to a fraction of the sampling interval. Such type of a restriction makes the probability of interleaving through one sample interval one or more pulses derived from another PAM systems in a process termed as time - division multiplexing (TDM).
Figure: forms of pulse modulation
PULSE TIME MODULATION
Pulse time modulation (PTM) is a category of signalling technique which encodes the sample values of an analog signal on the time axis of a digital signal.
The two major categorizes of pulse time modulation are:
1. Pulse width modulation (PWM)
2. Pulse position modulation (PPM)
PULSE WIDTH MODULATION
In PWD (Pulse width modulation) the pulses presenting successive sample values constant amplitudes but change in time duration in direct proportion to the sample value. The pulse duration can be altered that relative to fixed leading or trailing time edges or a fixed pulse centre. To permit for time- division multiplexing, the maximum pulse duration might be limited to a fraction of the time among samples.
PULSE - POSITION MODULATION
PPM (Pulse position modulation) encodes the sample values through changing the position of a pulse of constant duration relative to nominal time of occurrence of it. Like in PAM and PWM, the duration of the pulses is usually a fraction of the sampling interval. Additionally, the maximum time excursion of the pulses might be limited.
PULSE DIGITAL MODULATION
The modulation technique that converts the analog signal into digital is known as Pulse digital modulation. PCM comes within pulse digital modulation in which we discretize both amplitude and time. Discretizing time, we know before is termed as sampling. Discretizing amplitude is known as 'quantizing'. Quantizing includes conversion of analog signal amplitude to discrete amplitude.
PULSE-CODE MODULATION
Several modern communication systems are intended to transmit and receive only pulses of two different amplitudes. Within these so called binary digital systems, the analog- to-digital conversion procedure is expanded through the additional step of coding, where the amplitude of each pulse presenting a quantized sample is converted into a distinctive sequence of one or more pulses along with just two probable amplitudes.
The whole conversation process is termed as pulse-code modulation.
Figure: Pulse-code modulation. 2 (a) three successive quantized samples of an analog signal.(b) With pulses of amplitude V or O. (c) with pulses of amplitude V or -V.
PCM enjoys several significant benefits over other forms of pulse modulation because of the fact that information is presented through a two-state variable.
First, the design parameters of a PCM transmission system rely vitally upon the bandwidth of the original signal.
TIME-DIVISION MULTIPLEXING
A benefit inherent in all pulse modulation systems is transmitting signals over a common transmission system by the process of time-division multiplexing.
BANDWIDTH REQUIREMENTS
Pulse modulation systems might acquire a significant bandwidth penalty compared to the transmission of a signal in analog form of it. An instance is the standard transmission of analog voice signal band that limited to 4000hertz over a TI carrier.
APPLICATIONS
PAM, PWM and PPM found important application early on in the development of digital communications.
Transmission systems make use of several forms of time-division multiplexing. The networks that have high speed like the integrated service digital network (ISDN) have also depended heavily on PCM technology. PCM and several modified forms like delta modulation (DM) and pulse code modulation (ADPCM) have also located important application in satellite transmission systems.
Latest technology based Electrical Engineering Online Tutoring Assistance
Tutors, at the www.tutorsglobe.com, take pledge to provide full satisfaction and assurance in Pulse Modulation homework help via online tutoring. Students are getting 100% satisfaction by online tutors across the globe. Here you can get homework help for Pulse Modulation, project ideas and tutorials. We provide email based Pulse Modulation homework help. You can join us to ask queries 24x7 with live, experienced and qualified online tutors specialized in Pulse Modulation. Through Online Tutoring, you would be able to complete your homework or assignments at your home. Tutors at the TutorsGlobe are committed to provide the best quality online tutoring assistance for Electrical Engineering homework help and assignment help services. They use their experience, as they have solved thousands of the Electrical Engineering assignments, which may help you to solve your complex issues of Pulse Modulation. TutorsGlobe assure for the best quality compliance to your homework. Compromise with quality is not in our dictionary. If we feel that we are not able to provide the homework help as per the deadline or given instruction by the student, we refund the money of the student without any delay.
perception of light tutorial all along with the key concepts of human vision, defects of vision, short sightedness, long-sight, color vision and color blindness
Theory and lecture notes of Sequential Games all along with the key concepts of sequential games, Extensive Form, Subgame Perfection, Commitment. Tutorsglobe offers homework help, assignment help and tutor’s assistance on Sequential Games.
tutorsglobe.com multivibrator assignment help-homework help by online digital circuits tutors
tutorsglobe.com electroencephalography assignment help-homework help by online cerebral cortex tutors
Oxides and Oxoacids of Halogens tutorial all along with the key concepts of Preparation of Halogen Oxides, Properties of Halogen Oxides, Structure of Oxides of Halogens, Interhalogen Compounds, Properties of Interhalogen compounds and Structure of Interhalogen Compounds
The remuneration committee is the cornerstone of the UK Code’s attempt to make sure that directors’ rewards are suitable. The UK Code says that this committee should be accountable for setting remuneration for executive directors and the chairman.
tutorsglobe.com the small intestine assignment help-homework help by online digestion tutors
tutorsglobe.com basic economics sense assignment help-homework help by online nature and scope of economics tutors
www.tutorsglobe.com offers straight line homework help, straight line assignment help, online tutoring assistance, geometry mathematics solutions by online qualified tutor's help.
tutorsglobe.com vsb transmission assignment help-homework help by online characteristics of camera tubes tutors
Nuclear Models tutorial all along with the key concepts of Liquid Drop Model, Shell model or independent particle model, Collective model, semi-empirical mass relation, fission of nuclides, Schrodinger's equation for nucleons
Carbon NMR tutorial all along with the key concepts of 13C-NMR Spectra, Interpretation of 13C-NMR Spectra, Examples of 13C-NMR Spectra Interpretation and 13C Spectrum of Alanine
Mechanisms of Evolution tutorial all along with the key concepts of Evolution and its different forms, Definitions of Biological Evolution, Natural Selection, Genetic Drift, Genetic Hitchhiking
tutorsglobe.com type of leverage assignment help-homework help by online leverage tutors
In spite of the proliferation of accounting rules and the independent checks which are imposed, regards over the quality of published financial statements surface from time to time.
1946559
Questions Asked
3689
Tutors
1458071
Questions Answered
Start Excelling in your courses, Ask an Expert and get answers for your homework and assignments!!