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  Insulation Materials

Introduction to Insulation Materials

Leathroid paper:

Leathroid paper are pressed form of a non-woven fabric of fibres from good and hard wood. This paper is exists from 0.05mm thickness. This paper is sold like rolls in meters, usually employed for low voltage machines. This A-grade insulating material is chiefly employed as insulation in machineries, electrical appliances, and power equipments.

NOMEX:

NOMEX is extensively employed in a majority of electrical equipments. It is employed in approximately each known electrical sheet insulation application. Available in several thicknesses along with a density from 0.9 to 1.0, NOMEX is perfect choice to make use of as slot insulation in hand-wound motors and for covering of coils, and is as well employed in other applications like folded or punched parts. It is as well extensively preferred like sheet insulation in fluid filled transformer applications because of its enhanced impregnability. Dielectric strength of NOMEX ranges to 30 kV/mm from 24. This is Insulation class F (155 °C) materials.

The NOMEX sheet can be employed with almost all classes of electrical varnishes and adhesives (polyimides, polyesters, acrylics, silicones, epoxies, phenolics, synthetic rubbers), Resins rapidly penetrate and pass by the sheet to form a cohesive bond among motor end turns. Because of its stiff structure it can be rapidly and easily inserted among coils. The sheet's mechanical toughness assists to keep the shape of the insulation intact in motor assembly. NOMEX is capable to keep its insulation properties over a long period even if it is subjected to temperature variations. This makes sure proper insulation among the phases and provides good reliability for the motors. NOMEX sheets can as well be employed with transformer fluids (silicone and mineral oils and other synthetics) and with lubricating oils and refrigerants that employed in hermetic systems. Common industrial solvents (ketones, acetone, alcohols, toluene, xylene) comprise a little softening and swelling effect on NOMEX paper, identical to that of water. These influences are largely reversible while the solvent is removed. The Limiting Oxygen Index, LOI, (ASTM D-2863) of NOMEX paper at room temperature ranges between 27 and 32% (that relies on thickness and density).Materials with LOI higher than 21% (ambient air) will not hold up combustion.

Triflexil: Collective flexible insulating material that is Insulation class F (155 °C) material conforms to IEC 626-1. The material contains two or three layers: Inner layer: Polyester film, Outer layers: Polyester non-woven fabric, ester imide-impregnated. Good adhesion between impregnating or trickle resins. Smooth surface, thus Low moisture absorption, good machine ability and good chemical resistance. Dielectric strength: 7 - 24 kV employed widely as Slot insulation, slot closure, layer insulation. Triflexil is available in sheets, rolls, strips, and in thicknesses from 0.25 mm.

Film paper : The properties of Polyester film is that it is flexible, strong and durable film with right balance of properties making it appropriate for several industrial applications. Polyester film is Insulation class E (120 °C) material. In motor applications, specific kinds of polyester film are employed for ground insulation like slot liners and wedges, also phase insulation. Polyester film is a tough common purpose film that is semi-transparent along with the thickness that is ranging from 0.075 mm or above. Usually it comprises a tensile strength of an average 210 MPa, extremely resistant to moisture and most chemicals. It is capable to with stand temperatures that are ranging from extremes -70°C to150°C. Because it consists of no plasticizers, film does not brittle with age within normal circumstances. Dielectric Strength is 2,5 to 20  kV/mm. Melinex, Mylar, Teonex are a number of the trade names of the films employed.

Press Board: press board is a mixture of cellulous and old cloth and is manufactured in short lengths. Press board is also termed as Fuller board. It is identical to a press pan paper. It is presented from 1 to 3 mm thickness of plates and 0.1 to 0.8 mm thickness of wire. Insulation class A (105 °C). Brown colour, non-glazed (mat), glazed (polished) on both sides. Dielectric strength is 11 kV/mm. It is employed like slot insulation, Core insulation, Separator, Used within bamboo sticks.

Empire cloth: It is prepared through using cotton or silk cloth dipped in varnish. Empire cloth is yellow or black in colour. Empire cloth cannot withstand extreme heat, but flexible and can withstand extreme moisture. It comprises good dielectric and mechanical strength. Employed like a cover for armature winding, slot insulation together with leathroid paper, Insulation paper among coils, in the middle of small transformer windings.

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