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  Head of Centrifugal Pump

Introduction to Head of Centrifugal Pump

Friction Head

When water moves via the pipe its contact with the pipe wall makes friction. When flow (or velocity) rises, friction also rises. So the greater energy is needed to push it through. Friction or Friction Head is described as the equal head in feet of liquid essential to overcome the friction caused by flow via a pipe and its related fittings. The suction head acceptable for a pump is extremely limited and hence every foot saved is precious. Through providing a larger diameter for the pipe the velocity of flow and hence friction losses are decreased.

Suction Lift

Suction situation are some of the most significant factors influencing centrifugal pump operation. A pump can't pull / suck a liquid up its suction pipe since liquids do not comprise tensile strength. While a pump creates suction, it is just decreasing local pressure through creating a partial vacuum (Sucks out the air above the liquid). Atmospheric or a number of other external pressures that working on the surface of the liquid pushes the liquid up the suction pipe into the pump.

In feet, the head is provided as:       Head = PSI * 2.31 / Specific Gravity

For Water it is:                                  Head = 14.7 * 2.31 / 1.0 = 34 ft.

34 feet is the theoretical greatest suction lift for every pump pumping cold water. No pump can achieve a suction lift of 34 ft; though, well made ones can arrives at 25 ft fairly easy. From the above equation, it is clear that particular gravity can contain a main effect on suction lift.  The suction lift of a centrifugal pump as well changes inversely with pump capacity.

Static suction head:

Static suction head is the vertical height by which the water has to be raised from the well or underground tank that is, the height from the water level to the centre line of the pump. The head is all the time the vertical height and not along the pipe line. It is from the level of water to the pump centre and not from the foot valve or the base of the well.

Static delivery head:

This is the vertical height through which the water is lifted. It is from the centre line of the pump up to the level in which the water is discharged into the over head tank. The head is all the time the vertical height and not along the pipe line.

The friction head as much as probable in relation to the total head should be decreased from all causes. This can be acquired through reducing the velocity or providing a larger diameter of pipe.

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