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  Construction of Ceiling Fan

Introduction to Construction of Ceiling fan

The parts of the ceiling fan are shown in the below diagrams. The main parts are the following;

Internal Parts:

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Diagram - Internal Parts of ceiling fan         

External parts:

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Diagram - External Parts of ceiling fan

1. Electric motor:

Single phase capacitor run and start induction motor, rated at 230 V ± 10 % at a frequency of 50 Hz, is generally employed in ceiling fan. This motor comprises two parts that are stator and rotor. The stator, build up of laminated silicon steel, uses two windings termed as starting and running windings located 90 degree electrical apart. The starting torque relies on sine of angle among starting winding and running winding current. Thus Capacitor is used generate needed phase shift among these current and therefore to generate high starting torque and will be connected in series with starting winding. Generally in ceiling fan, an electrolytic capacitor of 2.5 mF±5% will be employed. The capacitor and starting winding will be in circuit throughout running as well and therefore enhance the power factor.  Thus this motor will also termed as permanent capacitor induction motor. Rotor uses 1-phase squirrel cage winding.

2. Blades: 

The blades are built up of sheet steel or aluminum sheets. Aluminum blades are much lighter than steel sheet plates and also enhance the efficiency of the fan. The ceiling fans generally comprise 3 or 4 angular blades. The four blade fan provides more air circulation compared to three blade fans. The blades are 120o mechanically apart and might be curved at an angle of 10o.

3. Blade flanges:

Blade flanges alternatively termed as blade irons, blade arms or blade holders. These are metal arms that connect the blades to the motor.

4. Canopy/Switch Cup:

There are two canopies top and bottom, built up of metal cylinder, located along suspension rod. Top canopy is mounted like that it covers the hook, nut, and bolt. Bottom canopy is mounted under and in the centre of the motor of the fan. This is employed to conceal and protect several components that can involve wires, capacitors and switches. On fans which need oiling, the bottom canopy frequently conceals the oil reservoir that lubricates the bearings.

5. Ball bearing:

Friction free and noise free movements of rotating parts are make sure through providing ball bearing among the rotating and stationary parts. The ceiling fan might comprise single or double ball bearings. The bearings made up of high quality steel are frequently greased with superior quality for the long life and noise free operation of it..

6. Suspension rod/Down rod:

Suspension rod is made up of rigid galvanized steel pipe of suitable length and diameter. This metal pipe is employed to defer the fan from the ceiling. One end of the pipe is bolted or screwed at the position particularly made on the motor body to receive the suspension rod. Another end of the suspension rod is attached to 2 plates, to from a "U" shaped joint, along with the help of a nut and bolt (with extra lock nut).

The "V" shaped end of the rod is additional attached with the ceiling hook along with the help of bolt and nut with extra lock nut and split pin to eliminate chances of disconnection at some stage.

7. Speed regulator: 

Speed regulator is employed to control the speed of the fan. The speed of the fan can be changed by altering the applied voltage. The most general technique to change the applied voltage is

i) By tapped field resistors and

ii) By tapped series inductors.

These days thyristor based electronic type regulators mainly employed compared to above mentioned electric types.

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Diagram - Resistance type Fan regulator

The regulator of electronic fan is fault-free, have a long life and more efficient as compared to electrical fan regulators. The schematic diagram of a fan with resistance type regulator is displayed in the above diagram.

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