Production Planning

Introduction to Production Planning

Production planning can also very much assist in cost reduction. The location and lay-out of the factory have important affect on cost. In fact, the factory location cannot be changed so simply but its lay-out can be organised on more technical lines so like to decrease the cost of production. The Chartered Institute of Management Accountants, London, in its publication on cost reduction, has set the following principles for creating a sound production planning system:

(i) Production planning should be relies on realistic and detailed sales forecast.

(ii) Efficient production system needs fullest possible employment of appropriate production facilities, drawings tools, elimination of not necessary movement and handling of materials provision of sufficient working instructions, etc. and the most economical storage of stocks.

The design of a production system is relies on its location since the resulting physical factors affect lay-out and also due to the fact that the location  consider operating and capital costs. In so far as physical issues of plant design are concerned, location might determine the following costs:

(a) Whether or not power is purchased.

(b) The extent of air conditioning or humidification needed.

(c) Whether local sub-contracting facilities for components are exists or whether provision for the manufacture of components has to be completed in the factory.

(d) Storage space needs depending on the availability of raw materials in the vicinity.

From the transportation costs, standpoint of costs, labour costs, construction cost, costs of land, etc. will be affected through the location of the factory. Even if a company that are exists intends to begin an additional factory, the addition of a new plant is not a matter of determining location free of the location of the plants that are existing previously. Establishment of a new plant might occupy re-allocation of capacities that is why the combined production and distribution costs are minimised. Plant layout purposes at developing a production system which meets the needs of capacity and quality in the most economical way. Within ideal circumstances of manufacture, plant and manufacturing facilities will be laid down after appropriate consideration of all the factors, effort, tending to decrease waste of time, material and resources to the minimum possible level. Simply available and most appropriate equipment should be acquired and utilised to the maximum feasible extent.

(iii) The coordination and assessment of equipment, labour and material needs demand the formulation of an entire operation sequence for all predicts the setting up of material standards and the establishment of consistent process time by the make use of work measurement methods.

(iv) Efficient production control and economic manufacture need carefully determination of the lot size as per to the nature of techniques of production used.

(v) Machine loading and labour needs should be associated to full capacity make available. In which the idle capacity is found to available, efforts should be made to make sure its economics utilisation, say, through the introduction of a new product.

(vi) The production plan once formulated should be employed like a measure of the effectiveness of actual performance along with a view to correcting the unfavourable divergences as they take place. It should however be sufficiently flexible to cope with necessary changes arising from changed circumstances.

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