Introduction to Chemistry:

The whole thing you listen to, smell, see, taste and touch comprise of chemicals (matter) and chemistry. And hearing, tasting, seeing and touching all comprises convoluted sequence of chemical reactions and interactions in your body. By having such a huge range of topics, it is necessary to know regarding chemistry at certain level to comprehend the world around us.

The subject Chemistry is the science of matter (that is, of all physical substances comprising solids, liquids plus gases) and the changes which take place between various types of matter - particularly chemical changes (termed as 'reactions') whenever types of matter are re-arranged into other kinds of matter example: water splitting to the gases hydrogen and oxygen.

The term derives from the slang word for the older term, 'Alchemist'. Modern chemistry is in general thought to have started in the 17th century.

We can now stated that, chemistry is a physical science mainly  concerned with the composition, structure, behavior and properties of matter and with the changes it undergoes during, and as an outcome of, chemical reactions. It comprises study of substances in all of the states of matter (that is, solid, liquid and gas) and knowledge and understanding of the different structures of matter (example: atoms, molecules, crystals and other aggregates) whether in isolation or in the combination with others.

Nowadays, chemistry is an elementary part of civilization. This is used to produce just about everything, and chemical processing is everywhere and uses a main part of humanity's total energy budget. Being a chemical engineer is one of the highest-paying technical occupations.

Comparison with other Science subjects:

Comparison between Physics and Chemistry:

Various aspects of the structure and behavior of matter are as well illustrated by the associated science of physics, however with different emphasis: Chemistry is mainly concerned by the composition, behavior, structure and properties of matter, and by the changes it undergoes throughout and as an outcome of the chemical reactions. Physics is in general more concerned by the observable or measurable effects of changes in or to bulk materials, example: as illustrated by the electricity, magnetism, Laws of Motion, Law of Gravity, optics and so on.

The interface of Physics and Chemistry are even overlap in some areas of study, example: regarding radiation, atomic particles and various features of environmental and atmospheric research. The stream chemistry makes use of features of physics in areas of physical chemistry and contributes to physics in numerous ways, example: different kind of protective coatings for surfaces and concerning color, like for optical components and filters, coatings and so on.

Comparison between Biology and Chemistry:

The subject Biology is the physical (comprising chemical) study of life and living things.

This comprises human biology (that is related with medicine and its specialties), zoology (that is, animal life, related subjects being veterinary science and its specialties) and botany (regarding plant life). This is illustrated here as a physical study of life to differentiate it from disciplines interested in life from other viewpoints, like philosophy, anthropology, sociology, ethics and numerous religious and other (less structured or hierarchical, however as well) spiritual approaches to the theory of life and experience of it.

In general with biology, chemistry tries to explain and illustrate matter, living or else, in terms of its composition, structure, properties and so forth. Features of the structure and behavior of living matter and matter made by living organisms are as well illustrated by the related science of biology, therefore the interface and overlap between biology and chemistry that is termed as biochemistry. Biochemistry is not generally offered as a separate subject in its own right at introductory level, like in schools and colleges. This is due to the reason that, it is essential to encompass a good basic understanding of both biology and chemistry in order to understand some of the more advanced issues at the interface of the two subjects. The other discipline that employs knowledge of both introductory chemistry and biology is microbiology.

A better understanding of at least introductory chemistry is very helpful for appreciating advanced biology usually as (in physical terms), all living things finally comprise of the atoms and molecules illustrated and described by courses in school-level chemistry and beyond. On the contrary, knowledge of biology is not crucial for appreciation of all regions of advanced chemistry. For instance, industrial processes example: in the automotive and plastics industries, need advanced chemistry for applications unrelated to living organisms. Though, even then, a few understanding of biology might be helpful example: for health and safety matters or for accountable sourcing of the raw materials.

Branches of Chemistry:

The universal field of chemistry is so vast that it was formerly categorized into a number of different areas of specialization. However there is now a great amount of overlap between the different areas of chemistry, just as there is among the different sciences. The five main branches of chemistry are organic, inorganic, analytical, physical and biochemistry. Such categorize into lots of sub-branches.

1) Organic Chemistry:

Organic chemistry comprises the study of structure, properties and preparation of chemical compounds which mainly comprise of carbon and hydrogen.

Organic chemistry partly covers numerous areas comprising:

a) Medicinal chemistry: It is the design, growth and synthesis of pharmaceutical drugs. This overlaps with pharmacology and bio-analytical chemistry.

b) Organometallic chemistry: It is the study of chemical compounds including bonds between the carbon and metal.

c) Polymer chemistry: It is basically the study of chemistry of polymers.

d) Physical organic chemistry: It is the study of interrelationships between the structure and reactivity in organic molecules.

e) Stereochemistry: It is the study of spatial arrangements of atoms in molecules and their consequences on the chemical and physical properties of the substances.

2) Inorganic Chemistry:

The Inorganic chemistry is basically the study of properties and behavior of inorganic compounds. This covers each and every chemical compounds apart from organic compounds.

Inorganic chemists study things such as minerals, metals, crystal structures, catalysts and most of the elements in the Periodic Table.

The branches of inorganic chemistry comprise:

a) Bioinorganic chemistry: It is the study of the interaction of metal ions having living tissue, mostly via their direct effect on the enzyme activity.

b) Geochemistry: It is the study of chemical composition and changes in minerals, rocks and atmosphere of the earth or a celestial body.

c) Nuclear chemistry: It is the study of radioactive substances.

d) Organometallic chemistry: It is the study of chemical compounds having bonds between the carbon and metal.

e) Solid-state chemistry: It is the study of the synthesis, structure and properties of solid materials.

3) Analytical Chemistry:

The Analytical chemistry comprises the qualitative and quantitative purpose of the chemical components of substances. The illustrations of areas using analytical chemistry comprise:

a) Forensic chemistry: It is the application of chemical principles, methods and processes to the investigation of crime.

b) Environmental chemistry: It is the study of the chemical and biochemical phenomena which take place in the environment. This relies heavily on analytical chemistry and comprises atmospheric, marine and soil chemistry.

c) Drug testing: It is the assessment of biological materials like urine, blood, hair, saliva and sweat to identify the presence of particular drugs.

4) Physical Chemistry:

Physical Chemistry is basically the study of the effect of chemical structure on the physical properties of the substance. Physical chemists usually study the rate of a chemical reaction, the interaction of molecules by means of radiation and the computation of structures and properties.

The Sub-branches of physical chemistry comprise:

a) Photochemistry: It is the study of the chemical changes mainly caused by light.

b) Surface chemistry: It is the study of chemical reactions at surfaces of substances. It comprises topics such as adsorption, heterogeneous catalysis, making of colloids, corrosion, electrode processes and chromatography.

c) Chemical kinetics: It is the study of rates of chemical reactions, the factors influencing those rates and the method by which the reactions carry on.

d) Quantum chemistry: It is the mathematical explanation of the motion and interaction of subatomic particles. This incorporates quantization of energy, wave-particle duality, the uncertainty principle and their relationship to the chemical methods.

e) Spectroscopy: It is the use of the absorption, emission or scattering of the electromagnetic radiation by matter to study the matter or the chemical methods it experiences.

5) Biochemistry:

Biochemistry is basically the study of chemical reactions which occur in living things. It attempts to describe them in chemical terms.

Biochemical research comprises cancer and stem cell biology, infectious disease, cell membrane and structural biology. This spans molecular biology, biochemical pharmacology, genetics, clinical biochemistry and the agricultural biochemistry.

a) Molecular biology: It is the study of interactions between the different systems of a cell, like the various kinds of DNA, RNA and protein biosynthesis.

b) Genetics: It is the study of heredity, genes and variation in the living organisms.

c) Pharmacology: It is the study of methods of drug action and the affect of drugs on an organism.

d) Toxicology: It is a sub-branch of pharmacology which mainly studies the effects of poisons on the living organisms.

e) Clinical biochemistry: It is the study of changes that disease causes in the chemical composition and biochemical methods of the body.

f) Agricultural biochemistry: It is the study of chemistry which takes place in animals, plants and microorganisms.

Therefore, however there are main five branches of chemistry, there are numerous sub-branches. There is a huge overlap between the Chemistry and Biology, Medicine, Physics, Geology, and numerous other streams.

Chemistry in actuality is 'THE CENTRAL SCIENCE'.

Importance of Chemistry:

Chemistry consists of a reputation for being a complex and boring science, however for the most part, that reputation is undeserved.

Fireworks and explosions are mainly based on chemistry; therefore it is definitely not a boring science. If you attend classes in chemistry, you will apply math and logic that can make studying chemistry a dare if you are weak in those areas. Though, anyone can comprehend the fundamental of how things work.... and that is the study of chemistry. In a nutshell, the significance of chemistry is that it describes the world around you.

Chemistry describes....

1) Cooking: Chemistry describes how food changes as you cook it, how it rots, how to protect food, how your body employs the food you eat, and how ingredients interact to prepare food.

2) Cleaning: Part of the significance of chemistry is it describes how cleaning works. You employ chemistry to help decide what cleaner is best for laundry, dishes, yourself and your home. You employ chemistry whenever you use bleaches and disinfectants and even ordinary soap and water. How do they work? That is chemistry!

3) Medicine: You require understanding fundamental chemistry so you can know how vitamins, supplements and drugs can assist or harm you. Part of the significance of chemistry mainly lies in developing and testing latest medical treatments and medicines.

Importance of Taking Chemistry:

Each and every person can and must understand fundamental chemistry; however it might be significant to take a course in chemistry or even make a career out of it. It is significant to understand chemistry if you are studying any of the sciences as all of the sciences comprise matter and the interactions between kinds of matter. Students wishes for to become doctors, physicists, nurses, nutritionists, geologists, pharmacists and obviously chemists all study chemistry. You might wish for to make a career of chemistry as chemistry-associated jobs are abundant and high-paying. The significance of chemistry won't be diminished over time, thus it will remain a promising career path.

How does chemistry affect our lives?

In short, chemistry is life. As one could state each and every feature of our lives that are affected by the laws of chemistry, allow me to simply define a few areas for further inquiry.

a) Chemistry in business and manufacturing (such as: stoichiometry, limiting and excess reagent to boost the profitability.

b) The mixture of salt and water on winter roads to remove the presence of ice (raises freezing point of the new compound).

c) Complete and incomplete combustion, and also the possibility of carbon monoxide poisoning as an outcome of incomplete combustion in the area having limited oxygen supply.

d) Chemistry is at play whenever you make your favorite hot beverage, adding sugar to coffee for instance. As a substance is heated, its saturation level rises.

To sum up, chemistry at the base of all of life, as it comprises the study of the atom and its bonding capacities by other building blocks of our world.

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