Types of bio fertilizers

Types of Bio Fertilizers:

Green manuring:

Several leguminous plants such as Crotalaria juncea, Glycine max, Cassia mimusoides, Sesbania rostrata, Indigofera linifolia, Acacia nilotica, Leucena,  Lathyrus and Mucuna are employed like green manures. They accumulate in excess of 80 Kg of nitrogen per hectare in the soil while grown like green manures.

Azolla is an aquatic fern that consists of an endophytic cyanobacterium Anabaena azollae in its leaves. It is employed like a bio fertilizer in rice field. Out of the 6 species of Azolla, A. pinnata is extensively used like a successful bio fertilizer in Indian rice fields. It adds 30 Kg of nitrogen per hectare in which the yield is equal to that of urea or ammonium phosphate.
 
Mycorrhiza as bio fertilizer
:

Mycorrhiza is a root that inhabiting fungus that found around or in the roots of several plants. It gets increase growth and yield and as well gives protection to the roots against edaphic (soil) stresses, pests and pathogen. It assists in the increased uptake of soil and mineral water solution through the plant root system. It gives several uses for the host plants example VAM that is Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza fungi.

Mycorrhiza is of two kinds. That is:

1. Ectotrophic mycorrhiza:
Ectotrophic mycorrhiza is found just only outside the surface of roots of plants. Example Basidiomycetous fungi.

2. Endotrophic mycorrhiza:
Endotrophic mycorrhiza are found in the roots, in the intercellular spaces and even inside the cell (intra and intercellular) example VAM fungi.

 

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