The Tissue System

Introduction to the Tissue System

Tissue system is a group of tissues that performing an identical function irrespective of its position in the plant body.  In the year 1875, Sachs recognized three tissue systems in the plants. They are as follow:

1. Epidermal tissue system,

2. Vascular tissue system and

3. Fundamental tissue system.

Epidermal tissue system

The outermost covering of plants is termed as epidermal tissue system. It contains epidermis, stomata and epidermal outgrowths.  Epidermis is usually formed of single layer of parenchymatous cells efficiently arranged with no intercellular spaces.

Vascular tissue system

The vascular tissue system contains phloem and xylem. The xylem and phloem's elements are all the time organized in groups.  They are termed as vascular bundles. The vascular bundle contains cambial tissue among the xylem and phloem in dicot stem. Such type of vascular bundle is termed as open vascular bundle. In monocot stem, cambium is not present in the vascular bundle; therefore it is termed as closed vascular bundle.

Ground or fundamental tissue system

The ground / fundamental tissue system comprises the plants' main body.  It comprises all the tissues apart from epidermis and vascular bundles. Ground tissue system is a constant mass of parenchymatous tissue where vascular bundles are found scattered, in monocot stem. Here ground tissue is not distinguished into cortex, pericycle, endodermis, and pith.

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