Respiration:
In the earlier sections, you have come to know that light energy is converted into chemical energy and stored in complex organic molecules termed as carbohydrates–glucose and starch. The breaking of C–C bonds of such types of compounds by oxidation releases a substantial amount of energy. This energy is used for several metabolic activities at cellular level. This phenomenon of release of energy through oxidation of several organic molecules is termed as respiration. The compounds which are oxidised throughout this process are termed as respiratory substrates. Carbohydrate is the general respiratory substrate. Throughout respiration, the entire energy contained in the respiratory substrate is not released all immediately. In respiration, oxygen is used and carbondioxide, water and energy are released. Respiration is an exothermic reaction and the oxidation of glucose is provided in the subsequent equation:
C6H12O6→6CO2+6H2O+Energy (2900 kj)
The energy that is released during this process is transformed into utilizable form of energy like adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP molecules work as carriers of free energy among the energy yielding and energy requiring reactions of the cell. So, ATP is explained as energy currency of the cell. It is a nucloetide containing adenine, ribose sugar and three phosphate groups. It is a rich energy compound and consists of two high energy terminal bonds. A large quantity of free energy is liberated, while these bonds are broken through hydrolysis.
Diagram: Structure of ATP
Diagram: Overall scheme of respiration
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