Hybridization

Hybridization:

Hybridization is a technique in plant breeding to enhance the native crops by acquiring diverse genotypes which can be employed as a source material for collection of crop with wanted characters and genes acquired from several parts of the world.  It includes crossing of two varieties or species or genera comprising wanted genes and breeding them together of the wanted traits into one progeny that is known as the hybrid.  Hybrids are the products of first generation acquired through crossing genetically not related parents.

While two individuals of similar species are crossed, it is known as inbreeding/selfing/self-pollination. This results in the raise of homozygosity.  Specifically homozygous recessive alleles build up loss of vigor in plants. Through a careful observation of morphological features, we can take out these deleterious and injurious alleles by selection.
 
Protoplasmic fusion or somatic hybridization
:

A hybrid generated from fusion of protoplasts of two dissimilar species is known as somatic hybridization. Naked protoplasts are acquired by dissolution of their cell walls through the macerating enzymes like cellulase and pectinase.  Fusion of protoplasts from two dissimilar varieties can be improved by treatment along with the chemical known as polyethylene glycol (PEG) in the existence of high voltage electric current on an appropriate medium.  Through this method somatic hybrid plants along with wanted changes can be acquired. This method in plant breeding is known as protoplasmic fusion. This notion had been studied by you in the previous sections.

 

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