Fundamental Tissue System

Introduction to Ground or Fundamental Tissue System

The ground / fundamental tissue system comprises the plants' main body.  It comprises all the tissues apart from epidermis and vascular bundles. Ground tissue system is a constant mass of parenchymatous tissue where vascular bundles are found scattered, in monocot stem. Here ground tissue is not distinguished into cortex, pericycle, endodermis, and pith. Usually in dicot stem, ground tissue system is distinguished into three major zones -

1. cortex,

2. pericycle

3. pith.

The cortex takes place between the epidermis and pericycle. Cortex might be a few to many layers in thickness.  In several cases, cortex is formed of parenchyma tissues. Intercellular spaces might or might not be exists.

Cortical cells may consist of non-living inclusions such as starch grains, oils, tannins and crystal.

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Diagram: Endodermal cells with casparian strips

In the leaves, the ground tissue contains chlorenchyma tissues.  This region is termed as mesophyll.   The most inner layer of the cortex is termed as endodermis.  Usually endodermis is formed of barrel shaped parenchyma cells.  These types of cells are arranged in a single layer with no intercellular spaces.

Pericycle takes place among the endodermis and the vascular bundles. It is usually formed of parenchyma cells. Lateral roots created from the pericycle.  So their base is endogenous.   The central part of the ground tissue is termed as pith or medulla.  Usually this is formed of thin walled parenchyma cells that may be with or without intercellular spaces.  The cells in the pith usually store tannins, phenols, starch, calcium oxalate crystals, fatty substances, etc.

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