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  Factors affecting photosynthesis

Factors affecting photosynthesis:

Photosynthesis is affected through both environmental and genetic factors. The environmental issues involve light, temperature, soil, availability of CO2, water and nutrient supply except for age of leaf, leaf angle and leaf orientation.

Photosynthesis is not influenced through all environmental factors at a specific time.

As per to Blackmann who postulated Law of Limiting factor in the year 1905, photosynthesis is limited through slowest step of the most limiting issue in the pathway. The meaning of this is that at a particular time period, only the issue that is most limiting between all will ascertain the rate of photosynthesis.  For instance, if CO2 is presented in plenty but light is limiting because of cloudy weather, the rate of photosynthesis within such type of situation is controlled through the light. Additionally, if both CO2 and light are limiting, after that the factor that is the most limiting of the two will control the rate of photosynthesis.

Both quality of light and intensity of light affect photosynthesis. Light among the wavelength of 400nm to 700nm is most effectual for photosynthesis and this light is termed as photosynthetically active radiation. When the intensity of light increases the rate of photosynthesis is also increases. Though, if the light intensifies, the rate of photosynthesis decreases. This is due to light destruction’s higher intensity of chlorophyll takes place.

Photosynthesis’s photochemical reactions and dark reactions respond in a different way to temperature. Photochemical reactions in the thylakoid stay unharmed through temperature, while the enzymatic dark reactions get affected adversely. At higher temperature, the enzymes become not active. Low temperature as well inactivates the enzymes.

The current level of CO2 is approximately 0.036 % or 360 ppm (parts per million) that is extremely low then the concentration of other gases in the atmosphere like O2 and N2. The rate of photosynthesis in every plant rises with increase in the concentration of CO2 upto 500 ppm, while other issues are not limiting.

In soil Availability of water has an important influence on photosynthesis. If the soil water becomes limiting factor, the rate of photosynthesis rejects.

Among several nutrients, nitrogen has a direct connection with photosynthesis. Because, nitrogen is an essential constituent of chlorophyll and all enzymes included in dark reactions, any reduction in nitrogen supply to plants comprises a bad effect on photosynthesis.  Generally all necessary elements influence the rate of photosynthesis.

Between leaf factors, like leaf age, leaf angle and leaf orientation, leaf age has the most important influence on photosynthesis. If leaf goes through, senescence, loss of chlorophyll takes place. The photosynthetic enzymes as well get inactivated resulting in reduced rate of photosynthesis.

 

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