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  Electron transport chain

Electron transport chain

Electron transport system is abbreviated as ETS is a chain of electron carriers containing NAD+, FAD+, CoQ and cytochromes (cyt. b, cyt. c, cyt. a and cyt. a3). The glucose molecule is totally oxidized through the end of the citric acid cycle. Except, energy is not released, if not necessary NADH2 and FADH2 are oxidized by electron transport system. Transfer of electrons and protons from NADH2 and FADH2 to oxygen by a series of components such as flavoprotein, cytochrome is known as electron transport chain. This process guides to coupling of electrons to create high-energy phosphate bonds in the shape of ATP from ADP is known as oxidative phosphorylation. The electron transport components are get arranged in the internal membrane of mitochondria.

As per to current concept, the electron carriers in the electron transport system are arranged in 4 complexes. They are:

1. Complex I,
2. Complex II,
3. Complex III and
4. Complex IV.

While NAD+ is a main acceptor of electrons, the electrons are transported from complex I to II, II to III and then to complex IV. While electrons are transported from one complex to subsequent complex, an ATP is generated.  So, one molecule of NADH2 produces three ATPs. When FAD+ is a main acceptor of electrons, the electrons are transported from complex II to III and after that to complex IV. So, one molecule of FADH2 produces two ATPs.

The molecular oxygen creates the electron transport system’s terminal constituent. It is the final recipient of electrons and picks up the protons from the substrate to produce water.

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                                                    Diagram: Electron transport system

 

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