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  Chemosynthesis

Chemosynthesis:

Chemosynthesis is a procedure through which specific organisms synthesize carbohydrates through using energy obtained through the oxidation of inorganic substances. Most of the bacteria acquire their food materials from outside sources and they cannot synthesize their food by themselves. These are termed as heterotrophic organisms. While, some of the bacteria are able of synthesizing their food either through photosynthesis/chemosynthesis.

Organisms that use sunlight energy for synthesis of food materials are known as photosynthetic organisms / photoautotrophs. Those organisms that use chemical energy for the synthesis of carbon compounds are termed as chemosynthetic organisms. There are two groups of chemosynthetic organisms that are:

1) Chemosynthetic autotrophs:

Instances for chemosynthetic autotrophs are Beggiatoa, Nitrosomonas. Nitrosomonas oxidizes ammonia in nitrite. The energy liberated throughout this process is employed for the synthesis of carbohydrates.

2NH3 + 3O2 → 2NO2- + 2H2O + 2H+ + Energy

Beggiatoa oxidises H2S to water and sulphur. Throughout this, energy is released and employed for its growth. Sulphur is stored like granules inside cell.

H2S + [O] → H2O +S + Energy

2) Chemosynthetic heterotrophs:

Instances for chemosynthetic heterotrophs are most bacteria, fungi, animals and man. These organisms cannot ready their food materials, therefore they are heterotrophs. They acquire the energy for growth through chemical reactions that is through oxidizing the organic compounds. For instance, energy is released while glucose is oxidised in the process of respiration. So, these organisms are chemosynthetic heterotrophs.

 

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